EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON DRILLING OF

MONEL PLATE BY USING CUTTING FLUID AS

CASTOR OIL
 ABSTRACT
• Castor oil is a vegetable oil obtained by pressing the seeds of the castor oil
plant(Ricinus communis).[1] The common name "castor oil", from which
the plant gets its name, probably comes from its use as a replacement
for castoreum, a perfume base made from the dried perineal glands of
the beaver (castor in Latin).[2]
• Castor oil is a colorless to very pale yellow liquid with a distinct taste and
odor once first ingested. Its boiling point is 313 °C (595 °F) and
its density is 961 kg/m3.[3] It is a triglyceride in which approximately 90
percent of fatty acid chains are ricinoleate.Oleate and linoleates are the
other significant components
• Monel is a solid-solution binary alloy. As nickel and copper are mutually
soluble in all proportions, it is a single-phase alloy. Compared to steel,
Monel is very difficult to machine as it work-hardens very quickly. It needs
to be turned and worked at slow speeds and low feed rates and castor oil
cutting fluid using monel materials drilling process
 KEYWORDS

1. castor Cutting fluids,

2. Mechanical properties,
3. effect
4. Hss tool
5. Carbide tool
6. monel plate
 INTRODUCTION
Cutting fluids are used in metal machining for a
variety of reasons such as improving tool life,
reducing work piece thermal deformation, improving
surface finish and flushing away chips from the
cutting zone. In the 19th-century machining practice,
it was not uncommon to use plain water. This was a
simple practice used to keep the cutter tool cool,
regardless of whether or not it provided any
lubrication at the cutting edge-chip interface. When
one considers that high-speed steel (HSS AND CARBIDE) had not
been developed then, the need to cool the tool
becomes all the more apparent. (HSS AND CARBIDE retains its
hardness at high temperatures while other carbon
tool steels do not).
 An improvement was soda water,
which better inhibited the rusting of machine slides.
These options are generally not used today because
better options are available. Lard was very popular in
the past. It is used less often today, because of the
wide variety of other options, but it is still a fine
option.
• Old machine shop training textbooks speak of using
red lead and white lead, often mixed into lard or lard oil
This practice has become obsolete because lead
• is hazardous to health, and excellent non-lead-
containing options are now available.
From the mid-20th century to the 1990s, 1, 1, 1-
trichloroethane was used as an additive to make some
cutting fluids more effective. In shop-floor slang, it was
referred to as "one-one-one". It has been phased out
because of its ozone-depleting and CNS-depressing properties

Metal cutting operations involve generation of heat

due to friction between the tool and the workpiece
and due to the energy lost during the deformation of
the material. The surrounding air independently is a
rather poor coolant for the cutting tool, because the
rate of heat transfer is low.
 MONEL MATERIALS
• Monel is a group of nickel alloys, primarily composed of nickel (up to 67%)
andcopper, with small amounts of iron, manganese, carbon, and silicon. Stronger
than pure nickel, Monel alloys are resistant to corrosion by many agents, including
rapidly flowing seawater. They can be fabricated readily by hot- and cold-working,
machining, and welding.[2]
• Monel was created by David H. Browne, chief metallurgist for International Nickel
Co. Monel alloy 400 is a binary alloy of the same proportions of nickel and copper
as is found naturally in the nickel ore from the Sudbury (Ontario) mines and is
therefore considered a puritan alloy. Monel was named after company president
Ambrose Monell, and patented in 1906.[3] One L was dropped, because family
names were not allowed as trademarks at that time.[1] The name is now
atrademark of Special Metals Corporation.It is a very expensive alloy, with cost
ranging from 5 to 10 times the cost of copper and nickel, hence its use is limited to
those applications where it cannot be replaced with cheaper alternatives.
Compared to carbon steel, piping in monel is more than 3 times as expensive
 CASTOR CUTTING FLUID
• Castor oil is a vegetable oil obtained by pressing the seeds of
the castor oil plant(Ricinus communis).[1] The common name "castor
oil", from which the plant gets its name, probably comes from its
use as a replacement for castoreum, a perfume base made from
the dried perineal glands of the beaver (castor in Latin).[2]
• Castor oil is a colorless to very pale yellow liquid with a distinct
taste and odor once first ingested. Its boiling point is 313 °C (595 °F)
and its density is 961 kg/m3.[3] It is a triglyceride in which
approximately 90 percent of fatty acid chains
are ricinoleate.Oleate and linoleates are the other significant
components.
• Castor oil and its derivatives are used in the manufacturing
of soaps, lubricants, hydraulic and brake
fluids, paints, dyes, coatings, inks, cold resistant plastics, waxesand
polishes, nylon, pharmaceuticals and perfumes
 HSS AND CARBIDE TOOL
• HSS and CARBIDE is usually supplied in the T condition with a tensile strength
of 850/1000 N/mm2.

• HSS and CARBIDET steel is a popular grade of through-hardening alloy steel

due to its excellent machinability in the "T" condition. HSS and CARBIDET is
used in components such as gears, shafts, studs and bolts, its hardness is in
the range 248/302 HB. HSS and CARBIDET can be further surface-hardened to
create components with enhanced wear resistance by induction or nitriding
processing

817M40T - HSS and CARBIDET steel is a high tensile alloy steel renown for
its wear resistance properties and also where high strength properties are
required. HSS and CARBIDET is used in components subject to high stress
and with a large cross section. This can include aircraft, automotive and
general engineering applications for example propeller or gear shafts,
connecting rods, aircraft landing gear components
HSS TOOL IMAGE
CARBITE TOOL IMAGE
 HSS TOOL CUTTING FLUIDS TEST
TEMPERATU
RE
SPEED
SPECIMEN MATERIALS CUTTING CUTTING SPEED AFTER
TOOL FLUID TURNING
(RPM) (RPM)

1 MONEL HSS WATER

PLATE
2 MONEL HSS DRY
PLATE CUTTING
3 MONEL HSS CASTOR OIL
PLATE
 CARBIDE TOOL CUTTING FLUIDS TEST
SPECIMEN MATERIALS CUTTING CUTTING SPEED TEMPERATU
TOOL FLUID (RPM) RE
AFTER
TURNING
(RPM)

1 MONEL CARBIDE WATER

PLATE
2 MONEL CARBIDE DRY
PLATE CUTTING

3 MONEL CARBIDE CASTOR OIL

PLATE
 ADVANTAGES OF USING CUTTING
FLUIDS
• Cools the work surface and tool
• Lubricates the interface between the work surface
and tool
• Flushes away some dust chippings, and swarf
• Reduces tendency for chip adhesion/pressure
welding to tool tip
• May improve resulting surface finish
• May increase tool life (see below)
• Allows higher cutting speeds
 DISADVANTAGES IN USING CUTTING
FLUIDS

• For certain Machine tools- A costly engineering system is

required for applying the fluid
• The fluid used has to be prepared and after use, filtered for
re-use of disposed
• Some fluids have a health risk if not used correctly causing
problems such as dermititus
• Some cutting materials are affected by thermal shock e.g.
cemented carbides. Use of cutting fluids should be avoided
for these materials
 APPLICATION

All machining process

 REFERENCES
• 1. Adegbuyi P.A.O. (2003) “Indigenous Oil as
• cutting fluid” Engineering and Technology
• Research journal, volume 1 no 1,page 15-25,
• Faculty of Engineering, Technology andEnvironmental Sciences,
Lagos State
• University, Lagos, Nigeria

2. El Baradie M. A., (1996) “Cutting fluids part

1: Journal on characterisation of material
processing technology” page 786-787
• 3. Radoslav Raki A., Zlata Raki B. (2002) “The
influence of the metal working fluids on
machine tool failures” volume 252 no 5-6:
page 438-444
• 4. Srikant R.R. (2001): Department of industrial
production, college of engineering, Gitam,
Visakhapatnan, India.
• 5. Greeley M. H., Devor R.E, Kapoor S. G.,
Rajagopalan N (2004).. “The influence of
• fluid management policy and operational
changes on metal working fluid functionality.
Journal on manufacturing science
• engineering. volume 126.
THANK YOU