PHASE - TRANSFORMATIONS

Presented by
A.Venkatesh
11705930
What is Phase:-

➢ The Phase is a homogeneous portion of a

system having same composition and properties
throughout its volume, and is separated from
other portions of the system by a boundary.

➢A phase can be solid, liquid or gas.

➢A Phase can be a pure substance or a solution,

provided that the structure and composition are
uniform throughout.

Ex:- 1.water , sugar

2. water , oil
Phase Diagrams:-

 It gives the information about the phase is present

and determination of phase composition and
determination of phase amount

Isomorphs System:-

 Two components are completely soluble in each other

in both liquid and solid states and exist in a single
phase for all composition of the alloy.

Ex:- Copper ,Nickel

What is a Eutic System:-

 Here two components are completely soluble in liquid

state and completely insoluble in the solid states
known as eutic system.

Liquid cooling {α +Fe3c}

Iron heating Solid 1 + Solid 2

Eutctiod System:-

 Phase diagram in which transformation will takes

place in solid state i.e. one solid decomposes into two
different solids.
Gibbs Phase Rule:-

 J.W. Gibbs derived an equation that enables the

numbers of phases which can be present in
equilibrium in a given system.
 This equation is called as Gibbs phase rule

P+F = C+N
P = no of phases in equilibrium
F = Dof of system
C= no of components
N= no of external factors
Phase transformations classification:-

1.Diffusion – dependent with no change in composition

 No change in composition of the phase present
 Solidification of pure metal
 Recrystallization and Grain Growth

2. Diffusion – dependent with changes in phase

composition
 Some alternation in the number of phase present
 Eutectoid reaction transformations

3.Diffusion less transformation

 Meta stable phase is produced
 Marten site transformation in some type of alloys
Allotropy:-
 It is a phenomenon by virtue of which same chemical
element and same chemical component exists have
different physical structure.
 It is only used for elements not for compounds.

Recrystallization:-
 When deformed metal is heated to temperature above
recovery range , nucleation and growth of new grain
take place .
 The formation of new grains in heating process instead
of oriented structure to the formed metal is called
recrystallization.
 The temp at which new grains are formed is called
recrystallization
Iron Carbon Diagram
Phases in Fe–Fe3C Phase Diagram:-

1. α‐ferrite ‐ solid solution of C in BCC Fe

• Stable form of iron at room temperature.
• Transforms to FCC g‐austenite at 912 °C
2. γ‐austenite ‐ solid solution of C in FCC Fe
• Transforms to BCC δ‐ferrite at 1395 °C
• Is not stable below the eutectic temperature (727 ° C) unless
cooled rapidly.
3. δ‐ferrite solid solution of C in BCC Fe
• It is stable only at T, >1394 °C. It melts at 1538 °C
Fe3C (iron carbide or cementite)
• This intermetallic compound is metastable at room T. It
decomposes (very slowly, within several years) into α‐Fe and C
(graphite) at 650 ‐ 700 °C
Classification:-

Three types of ferrous alloys:

 Iron: < 0.008 wt % C in α‐ferrite at room
T
 Steels: 0.008 ‐ 2.14 wt % C (usually < 1
wt % ) .
 α‐ferrite + Fe3C at room T
 Cast iron: 2.14 ‐ 6.7 wt % (usually < 4.5
wt %)
Water Phase Diagram