Seismograph

Prepared by: Zeynep Güreli

Görkem Keşcioğlu
Birkan Ege Çorbacıoğlu
Zeynep Özmen
What is Seismograph?
1-) A seismograph, or seismometer, is an instrument used to detect
and record earthquakes.

2-) Seismograph, instrument that makes a record of seismic waves

caused by an earthquake, explosion, or other Earth-shaking
phenomenon.
History of Seismograph
A Chinese man named Zhang Heng built
the first seismograph in 132 CE. It was built as a
large tin pot with eight vertical dragons each
facing downwards. All of the dragons
contained a single metal ball in their mouths.
When an earthquake caused the tin to vibrate,
this seismograph was designed to release the
ball from the dragon's mouth nearest to source
of the quake. It was extremely effective, and
even once alerted the local people of an
earthquake occurrence that wasn't even felt.
History of Seismograph
In the modern world, John Milne
invented the first seismograph in 1880.
This seismograph detected earthquakes
through a long pendulum that was
attached to a stylus. When the earth
shook, the stylus then wrote on a
carbon-coated paper. This produced a
pattern that detected the direction and
intensity of the quake. It developed in
1898.
History of Seismograph
Today's seismographs, known as electromagnetic seismographs, use a
coil that is moved through a magnetic field when the Earth trembles. This
movement creates an electrical current that is fed to a machine, which
measures the current and provides details about the source and direction of
the quake. Multiple scientists around the world pioneered this idea in the
early 1900s.
Some Terms About Seismograph
seismoscope : an instrument that documents the occurrence of ground
motion.

seismometer : an instrument that senses ground motion and converts the

motion into some form of signal.

accelerometer : a seismometer that records

acceleration, also known as strong ground
motion.
Some Terms About Seismograph
geophone : another name for a seismometer, commonly used in active
source seismology.

seismogram : the actual record of ground motion produce by a

seismograph

data logger : device that converts analog

to digital signal and stores the signal
What is earthquake?
1-) An earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from
the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic
waves.

2-) An earthquake is an intense shaking of Earth’s surface. The shaking is

caused by movements in Earth’s outermost layer.
How does a Seismograph Works?
A basic seismograph includes a solid base and a heavy weight suspended from a spring
over the base. A pen hangs from the weight and a rotating drum with paper sits below it on the
base. The tip of the pen touches the drum. When the earth shakes from an earthquake, the
drum rotates, and the weighted pen moves back and forth due to the motion of seismic waves.
The pen records the movement on the drum. The paper recording of an earthquake is called a
seismogram.
Principles of Seismographs
What is the Richter Scale?
It is a logarithmic scale, meaning that the numbers on the scale
measure factors of 10. On the Richter scale, anything below 2.0 is
undetectable to a normal person and is called a microquake. Microquakes
occur constantly. Moderate earthquakes measure less than 6.0 or so on
the Richter scale. Earthquakes measuring more than 6.0 can cause
significant damage. The biggest quake in the world since 1900 scored a
9.5 on the Richter scale. It rocked Chile on May 22, 1960.
What is the Richter Scale?
It was invented by
Charles F. Richter of the
California Institute of
Technology in 1935.
Let’s Watch a Video

https://youtu.be/Gbd1FcuLJLQ
 References
● http://www.nkfu.com/sismograf/
● https://www.tech-worm.com/sismograf-nedir-ne-ise-yarar-nasil-calisir/
● http://sismograf.nedir.org/
● https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/earthquakes/en/
● https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake
● https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-seismograph-definition-history-
facts.html
● https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/glossary/?term=seismograph
● http://www.softschools.com/inventions/history/seismograph_history/172/