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In progressive Barcelona, Rizal wrote a
nationalistic essay entitled “Amor Patrio”
(Love of Country), his first article written on
Spain’s soil. He sent this article to his friend in
Manila, Basilio Teodoro Moran, publisher of
Diariong Tagalog, the first Manila bilingual
newspaper (Spanish and Tagalog).
Rizal’s “Amor Patrio” under his pen-name,
Laong Laan, appeared in print in Diariong
Tagalog on August 20, 1882. it was published
in two texts – Spanish and Tagalog. The Spanish
text was the one originally written by Rizal in
Barcelona. The Tagalog text was a Tagalog
translation made by M.H. del Pilar.
Rizal wrote the second article
for Diariong Tagalog entitled “Los
Viajes” (Travels). His third article,
entitled “Revista de Madrid”
(Review of Madrid), which he wrote
in Madrid on November 29, 1882,
was returned to him because the
Diariong Tagalog has ceased
publication for lack of funds.
While sojourning in Barcelona,
Rizal received sad news about the
cholera that was ravaging Manila
and the provinces.
Another sad news from the
Philippines was the chatty letter of
Chengoy recounting the unhappiness
of Leonor Rivera.
On November 3, 1882, Rizal
enrolled in the Unibersidad Central
de Madrid in two courses – Medicine
and Philosophy and Letters. Aside
from his heavy studies in the
university, he studied painting and
sculpture in the Academy of Fine
Arts of San Fernando; took lessons in
French, German, and English under
private instructor and practiced
fencing and shooting in the Hall of
Arms of Sanz y Carbonell.
Rizal was attracted by Consuelo’s beauty
and vivacity. He even composed a lovely
poem, A La Señorita C. O. y P., he expressed
his admiration for her. However, before his
romance with Consuelo could blossom into a
serious affair, he suddenly backed out for two
reasons:
He was still engaged to Leonor Rivera,
Eduardo de Lete was madly in love with
Consuelo.
During his first summer vacation
in Madrid, Rizal went to Paris,
sojourning in this gay capital of
France from June 17 to August 20,
1883. At first, he was billeted at the
Hotel de Paris on 37 Rue de
Maubange; later, he moved to a
cheaper hotel on 124 Rue de Rennes
in the Latin Quarter.
In due time, in March 1883, Rizal
joined the Masonic lodge called Acacia
in Madrid. His reason for becoming a
mason was to secure Freemasonry’s aid
in his fight against the friars in the
Philippines.
Later he transferred to Lodge
Solidaridad (Madrid), where he became
a Master Mason on November 15, 1890.
Still later, on February 15, 1892, he was
awarded the diploma as Master Mason by
Le Grand Orient de France in Paris.
The banquet on the evening of
June 25, 1884 was sponsored by the
Filipino community to celebrate the
double victory of the Filipino artist
in the National Exposition of Fine
Arts in Madrid.
Luna’s Spoliarium
Hidalgo’s Christian Virgins
Exposed to the Populace
Rizal completed his medical course
in Spain. He was conferred the degree of
Licentiate in Medicine by the
Unibersidad Central de Madrid on June
21, 1884. The next academic year (1884-
1885) he studied and passed all subjects
leading to the degree of Doctor of
Medicine. Due to the fact, however, that
he did not present the thesis required
for graduation nor paid the
corresponding fees, he was not awarded
his Doctor’s diploma.
Fifth year (1882-83): Continuation of Medical Course in the
University of Santo Tomas
Medical Clinic 1 Good
Surgical Clinic 1 Good
Obstetrical Clinic Fair
Legal Medicine Excellent
Sixth year (1883-84)
Medical Clinic 2 Good
Surgical Clinic 2 Very Good
1883-84
Universal History 1 Very Good
1884-85
Universal History 2 Excellent
Greek 1 Excellent
1882-83
Spanish Language Excellent