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Balasubramaniam
Unit 1
BASIC CONCEPT OF
MACRO ECONOMICS
Definition of Macro economics
• Macro economics deals with total or aggregate
level of output, aggregate level of consumption,
aggregate level of investment, aggregate level of
employment and general price level in economy.
– Unemployment
– Inflation
– Output growth
1. Unemployment
Unemployment refers to the situation where the population of a
country do not find work to earn their livelihood.
• Unemployment represents that ratio of labor force which fails to get
employment.
• The currently 40% of Afghanistan population is unemployed.
• The unemployment rate is a key indicator of the economy’s health.
• The existence of unemployment seems to imply that the aggregate
labor market is not in equilibrium.
Problem of Unemployment:
Classical economist believed in full employment i.e. all recourses of
economy are fully employed and there is no possibility of
unemployment. But
Great depression of 1930 brought a lot of miseries in form of slump
and vast unemployment. So Keynes wrote a book in 1936 “General
theory” in which he rejected the philosophy of full employment .
2. Inflation
• Inflation is an increase in the overall price level.
• Hyperinflation is a period of very rapid increases in the
overall price level. Hyperinflations is a rare phenomenon.
Problem of Unemployment:
• During 1930 the phenomena of unemployment got a lot of
attractions. Policy makers presented their ideas to remove
unemployment .