MENTAL DISORDER

Ega Saphira
Talitha Ilma Sabrina
Fildzah Nadhilah
Nurul Anggraini
 WHAT IS MENTAL DISORDER

 A mental disorder, also called a mental illness

or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or
mental pattern that causes significant distress
or impairment of personal functioning. Such
features may be persistent, relapsing and
remitting, or occur as a single episode.
 The causes of mental disorders are often unclear. Theories may
incorporate findings from a range of fields. Mental disorders are
usually defined by a combination of how a person behaves, feels,
perceives, or thinks. This may be associated with particular regions or
functions of the brain, often in a social context. A mental disorder is
one aspect of mental health. Cultural and religious beliefs, as well as
social norms, should be taken into account when making a diagnosis
 TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDER
 Anxiety disorders
People with anxiety disorders respond to certain
objects or situations with fear and dread, as well as
with physical signs of anxiety or panic, such as a
rapid heartbeat and sweating.
Anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety
disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and
specific phobias.
 Mood disorders
These disorders, also called affective disorders, involve
persistent feelings of sadness or periods of feeling overly
happy, or fluctuations from extreme happiness to
extreme sadness.
The most common mood disorders are depression,
bipolar disorder, and cyclothymic disorder.
 Psychotic disorders
Psychotic disorders involve distorted awareness and
thinking. Two of the most common symptoms of psychotic
disorders are hallucinations -- the experience of images or
sounds that are not real, such as hearing voices -- and
delusions, which are false fixed beliefs that the ill person
accepts as true, despite evidence to the contrary.
Schizophrenia is an example of a psychotic disorder.
 Eating disorders
Eating disorders involve extreme emotions, attitudes, and
behaviors involving weight and food.
Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder
are the most common eating disorders
 Personality disorders
People with personality disorders have extreme and inflexible
personality traits that are distressing to the person and/or cause
problems in work, school, or social relationships
Examples include antisocial personality disorder, obsessive-
compulsive personality disorder, and paranoid personality
disorder.
 Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
People with OCD are plagued by constant thoughts or fears that
cause them to perform certain rituals or routines.
An example is a person with an unreasonable fear of germs who
constantly washes his or her hands.
 Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
PTSD is a condition that can develop following a traumatic
and/or terrifying event, such as a sexual or physical assault,
the unexpected death of a loved one, or a natural disaster.
People with PTSD often have lasting and frightening thoughts
and memories of the event, and tend to be emotionally
numb.
Solution

1. Psychotheraphy, this is a speech therapy to give a

comfort media to express their feelings and ask for
advice

2. Drug therapy, this therapy usually use drugs which

changes brain chemistry in brain. the drugs usually
used are Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
(SSRI), Serotonin-norepinefrin reuptake inhibitor
(SNRIs) and Tricyclic antidepressants
3. Complementary and Alternative Treatments
Man exercising for alternative therapyComplementary and
alternative mental health treatment options may be used in
addition to traditional forms of treatment such as therapy and
medication. Some of the most common types of
complementary treatments include:
 Yoga:
 Meditation:
 Nutrition: Diet can affect mental health in many ways. By
closely monitoring one’s diet, a person can help improve their
overall mental health and well-being and alleviate some
mental illness symptoms.
 Exercise:
 Equine therapy: Equine therapy is a form of therapy that uses
horses to ease symptoms of many mental health conditions
such as autism, anxiety, and ADHD.
4. 12-Step Programs and Support Groups

In addition to psychotherapy and medications, there are many other types of

mental health treatment options people may want to consider. Support groups
and 12-step programs may be good complementary therapies for people who
are undergoing psychotherapy and/or taking medication.

These groups are available for people dealing with a wide range of mental or
behavioral health and substance abuse problems, including:
Alcohol abuse.
Drug abuse
Gambling, shopping, video gaming, and other behavioral addictions.
Anxiety and depression.
Eating disorders.
Twelve-step programs use an approach built on the 12 steps of Alcoholics
Anonymous. Participants often work with a sponsor to complete the 12 steps,
and the sponsor is available to help the person with other issues they may be
struggling with during recovery, including cravings.