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GROUP 6
Nature and Importance of Soil
Nature of Soil
Soil is the outermost
layer of the earth’s
crust. Depending on
where you are on
Earth, the layer of soil
may be several inches
thick or many feet
deep.
Soil is a complex
material that supports
life.
SOIL COMPONENTS
Soil is made of mineral
matter, organic matter, water,
and air. The solid mineral
matter and organic matter
make up about 50 percent of
the soil. The average soil
contains about 45 percent
mineral matter and about 5
percent organic matter. These
solids are not tightly packed.
IMPORTANCE OF SOIL
pH-used to specify
the acidity or basicity of an aqueous
solution.
-negative log of the hydrogen ion
concentration
-It is also a measure of OH-
concentration
Causes of soil acidity
1. Accumulation of soluble
acids
a. Carbonic acid
(respiration and atmospheric CO2)
ions
(in solution) can be
removed by leaching.
On soil surfaces, there are
exchangeable and
nonexchangeable ions
Exchangeable:
weakly held,
in contact with soil solution,
ready for quick replacement,
available for plants
“outer sphere
complex”
Nonexchangeable:
absorbed by strong
bonds or held in
inaccessible places
(e.g., the K+
between layers of
illite)
“inner sphere
complex”
K+
Ca+2
K+ Ca+2 Ca+2
+ K+
+
K+ K+
Ca+2 K+ K+
K+
exchangeable
exchangeable
solution solution
Rules of ion exchange
Process is Reversible
Ratio Law:
ratio
of exchangeable cations will be
same as ratio of solution cations
GROUP 6
KEYRON T. CABISON
JUDY ANN L. CACUT
JOSE MARIE ESTOMO
MIGAEA ANDRES
ELIAN AGLUGUB
JUNEL MANAYANG
CARL VESPER PALUDIPAN