Earthquake

Earthquake
Basics
Basics
Section 2
 What causes earthquakes?
 How do earthquake forces enter
buildings?
 How does the building respond?
 What building elements resist
forces?
Strike-Slip
Strike-Slip Fault
Fault
Thrust
Thrust Fault
Fault
Epicenter
Epicenter

Fault
Fault

Point
Point of
of fracture
fracture or
or
slippage,
slippage, termed
termed
Focus
Focus or
or
Hypocenter
Hypocenter
Californi
Californi
a
a
Index
Index
Map
Map
Distance to Fault Source

Surface Geology
Water
Fault
Sand

Rock
Liquefaction
Liquefaction Failure
Failure
Inertia
Inertia Forces
Forces

ACCELERATION

DECELERATION
 Height
Height // Weight
Weight
Relationship
Relationship
012 0123

01 0 11½

Elevation
Elevation
HD1
HD1 HD2
HD2 HD3
HD3 HD4
HD4
 Period
Period of
of Vibration
Vibration

Building
Building at
at Rest
Rest Ground
Ground Accelerates
Accelerates to
to Left
Left

Ground
Ground Accelerates
Accelerates to
to Right
RightGround
Ground &
& Building
Building at
at Rest
Rest
Chimney
Chimney
Vibration
Vibration
Failure
Failure
Porch
Porch Vibration
Vibration Failure
Failure
Two
Two Story
Story Vibration
Vibration
Failure
Failure
 House
House Elements
Elements Resist
Resist
Horizontal
Horizontal Forces
Forces
Roof Diaphragm

f1 Shear Wall

f2 fsum = f1 + f2 + f3
f3
Foundation
Floor
Diaphragm Cripple Wall
 Cripple
Cripple Walls
Walls

First Floor

Crawl Space
Cripple Wall
Damage
Damage Resulting
Resulting
from
from Base
Base Shear
Shear
 Buildings
Buildings Resist
Resist
Horizontal
Horizontal Earthquake
Earthquake
Forces
Forces
 Horizontal parts:
Roof & floor structures
diaphragms

 Vertical parts:
Span horizontal elements shear
walls
Complete
Complete Load
Load Path
Path
No
No Shear
Shear Wall
Wall at
at
Garage
Garage
Steel Moment Frame
House
House Elements
Elements Resist
Resist
Gravity
Gravity

Roof Joists

Walls

Floor Beams

Foundations