Evaluation Of CO2 and CO2 foam Oil

Recovery Methods in EOR 26: Literature

Review and Update
By: Kereem Mitchell
Lead Supervisor: Dr. David Alexander

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Agenda
Overview of Project
Review of literature
Project Status update

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Project Overview

To evaluate the potential of Field “EOR 26” using CO2

injection and CO2 foam injection EOR methods

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Literature review

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EOR 26
LOCATION

FIGURE 1 LOCATION OF EOR 26 ADAPTED FROM SPE 89364

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EOR 26 GEOLOGY
•LOCATED ON THE SOUTHERN FLANK OF THE EAST NORTH-EASTERN FYZABAD ANTICLINE.

•THE RESERVOIR WAS DEPOSITED UNDER DELTAIC CONDITIONS

•FROM THE LOGS SEVERAL CYCLES OF SEDIMENTATION CAN BE SEEN WITHIN THE SAME SAND
PACKAGE

•CHARACTERISED BY FINE TO VERY FINE SAND GRAINS

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EOR 26
• FROM PRIMARY PRODUCTION 4% OF OOIP WAS RECOVERED

• IMMISCIBLE PROJECT WAS STARTED IN 1974 BY PETROTRIN USING THE EXISTING WELL
EQUIPMENT

• MECHANICAL FAILURES SAW THE SHUTTING OFF OF TWO PRODUCTION WELLS AND THE
DRILLING OF A THIRD PRODUCTION WELL. DUE TO MECHANICAL PROBLEMS THIS WELL WAS
ALSO SHUT OFF AND THE PROJECT HAULTED.

• MOBILITY CONTROL ISSUES SAW THE PRODUCTION OF CO2 AT THE PRODUCTION WELLS

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EOR 26 PRODUCTION DATA

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Conceptualizing an Improved Oil Recovery
Master Plan for Trinidad and Tobago
Limited success of early carbon dioxide recovery methods due to the
unavailability of a reliable source of carbon dioxide.

There was more success in later

Moderate success in 2009 using huff ‘n’ puff technique by Krishna

Persad and Associates Limited

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Lessons From Trinidad’s CO Immiscible 2

Pilot Projects 1973-2003

Immiscible CO2 is viable in Trinidad reservoirs containing medium
gravity oil under strong water influx

Offtake well should be appropriately placed to capture hydrocarbons

are they are swept

Decisions on longevity of EOR project should be based on the ability

to improve as opposed to success.

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Feasibility Study on the Implementation of
CO2-Eor Coupled with Sequestration in
Trinidad via Reservoir Simulation
Increasing the distance between the injector and
producer facilitated higher recovery factors

Strategic placement of injector wells

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CO2-FOAM FLOODS:
FOAM PROPERTIES AND
MOBILITY-REDUCTION EFFECTIVENESS

The stability of foam in the bulk phase can be correlated

with the performance of foam flowing in porous media.
When comparing different surfactants, greater foam
stability gives more mobility reduction in foam
displacement.

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C02 Foam Flooding Performance vs. Rock
Wettability
The control of C02 mobility using a foam can be successfully achieved in both
partially oil-wet and water-wet medium. The oil recovery is considerably
enhanced compared to C02 WAG process.
In the water-wet case, the requirements to obtain optimal oil recovery are
reduced by half compared to the WAG process. For the oil-wet case, the extra oil
recovery increases with the C02 slug size, and an optimal value of C02 slug size is
dictated by economical considerations.
On a water-wet rock the adsorption of the surfactant is likely to be greater than
on an oil-wet rock. This can significantly reduce the efficiency of C02 mobility
control.

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CO2 Foam Field Trial at North Ward-Estes
Strong foams were generated in situ under North Ward-Estes conditions, which reduced CO2,
injectivity by 40 to 85%.
Foam reduced CO2, injectivity for one to six months. The duration of injectivity reduction
depended on the amount of surfactant injected and the CO2, injection pressure and rate after
foam.
Foam apparently diverted CO2 from the thief zone to unswept regions, as indicated by the sharp
decline in the CO2, production at the problem producer and increased CO2, production at other
offset producers.
Incremental oil may have been produced as a result of C02 diversion vertically (toward well
1020) and (toward wells 96, 80 and 75).
Foam can dramatically improve CO2, utilization in reservoirs containing large thief zones.

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A NEW SIMPLE CO MINIMUM 2

MISCIBILITY PRESSURE CORRELATION

•The minimum miscibility pressure correlation could be calculated using a simple formula

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A NEW SIMPLE CO MINIMUM
2

MISCIBILITY PRESSURE CORRELATION

• Where

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References
Narinesingh, J., Boodlal, D. V., & Alexander, D. (2014). Feasibility Study on the Implementation of
CO2-EOR Coupled with Sequestration in Trinidad via Reservoir Simulation. SPE Energy Resources
Conference. doi:10.2118/169935-ms

Bernard, G. G., Holm, L.W. and HaNey,C.P.: "Use of Surfactant to Reduce C02 Mobility in Oil
Displacement," SPEJ (Aug.1980) 281-92.

Irani, C.A. and Solomon, C.Jr.:" Slim Tube Investigation of C02 Foams," Paper SPE 14962
presented at the SPE/DOE Fifth Symposium on Enhanced Oil Recovery, Tulsa, April 20-23, 1986

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Keijzer, P.P.M., Muijs, H.M., Janssen-van Rosmalen, R., Teeuw, D., Pino, H., Avila, J. and Rondon.,
L.: "Application of Steam Foam in the Tia Juana Field, Venezuela : Laboratory Tests and Fields
Results," Paper SPE 14905 presented at the SPE/DOE Fifth Symposium on Enhanced Oil
Recovery, Tulsa, April 20-23, 1986.

Holm, L.W.: "The Mechanism of Gas and Liquid Flow Through Porous Media in the Presence of
Foam," SPEJ (Dec. 1968) 359-69.

Ali, F.S.M. and Selby R.J.: " Function, Charateristics of EOR Foam Behavior Covered In Laboratory
Investigations," 0 & G journal (Feb. 1986) 57-63.

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