A Presentation on Project Entitled as

SEWAGE
TREATMENT
PLANT
 Contents
Introduction
Need of study
Objective and aims
Scope of study
Literature review
Process and treatment
Conclusion
Recommendation and
suggestion
Limitations
Future scope
INTRODUCTION
• Urbanization has encouraged the migration of people from villages to
the urban areas which has lead to number of environmental
problems.
• For domestic and industrial uses the source of water is generally
reservoir, river, lake, and wells.
• Out of this total water supplied, generally 60 to 80% contributes as
a wastewater.
• In most of the cities, wastewater is let out partially treated or
untreated and it either percolates into the ground and in turn
contaminates the ground water or it is discharged into the natural
drainage system causing pollution in downstream water bodies.
• In India, water pollution comes from the main sources such as
domestic sewage, industrial effluents and run-off from solid waste
dumps and agriculture land.

• This waste is carried through closed conduits under the conditions of

gravity flow and this mixture of water and waste products is known
as sewage.

• The main purpose of this, is to study waste water which is

discharged from residential and commercial areas and to reduce the
threat of water pollution.
NEED OF THE STUDY
• Now a days there is a lot of scarcity of water as we know that 71% of
earth is covered with water out of which 97% is covered with oceanic
water.

• Only 0.67% usable surface water is present on surface and we are

disposing it in the ocean as waste water so future generation will have
water crises.

• So it is an important topic to discuss and to study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
• Our aim is to apply this project in every area so the sewage of a
particular area will be cleared and decomposed there only.

• The main objective of treatment units is to reduce the sewage

contents from water and remove all the nuisance causing elements.
PROCESS AND TREATMENT
 SEWAGE WATER TREATMENT
• Water discharged from homes, businesses, and industry enters
sanitary sewers.

• Water from rainwater on streets enters storm water sewers.

• Combined sewers carry both sanitary wastes and storm water.

• Water moves toward the wastewater plant primarily by gravity flow.

• Lift stations pump water from low lying areas over hills.
SEWAGE WATER TREATMENT

❖ Pre-treatment
❖ Preliminary treatment
❖ Primary treatment
❖ Secondary treatment
❖ Biosolids disposal
 SEWAGE WATER TREATMENT
❖ Pre-treatment
• Occurs in business or industry prior to discharge.

• Prevention of toxic chemicals or excess nutrients

being discharged in wastewater.
 SEWAGE WATER TREATMENT
❖ Preliminary Treatment

• Removes large objects and non-degradable materials

• Protects pumps and equipment from damage

• Bar screen and grit chamber

1. Bar Screen- catches large objects that have gotten into sewer
system such as bricks, bottles, pieces of wood, etc.
2. Grit Chamber
• Grit chambers are of two types: mechanically cleaned and
manually cleaned.

• In mechanically cleaned grit chamber, scraper blades collect

the grit settled on the floor of the grit chamber.

• Manually cleaned grit chambers should be cleaned atleast

once a week.
❖ Measurement and sampling at the inlet structure

- a flow meter continuously records the volume of water entering the treatment
plant

- water samples are taken for determination of suspended solids and B.O.D.

❖ Suspended Solids – the quantity of solid materials floating in the water column

❖ B.O.D. = Biochemical Oxygen Demand

- a measure of the amount of oxygen required to aerobically decompose organic

matter in the water
❖ Primary Treatment
• a physical process

• wastewater flow is slowed down and suspended solids settle

to the bottom by gravity

• the material that settles is called sludge or biosolids

❖ Sludge from the primary sedimentation tanks is pumped to the sludge
thickener. More settling occurs to concentrate the sludge prior to disposal.
❖ Primary treatment reduces the suspended solids and the B.O.D. of the
wastewater.
❖ From the primary treatment tanks water is pumped to the trickling filter for
secondary treatment.
❖ Secondary treatment will further reduce the suspended solids and B.O.D. of
the wastewater.
Secondary Treatment
 Secondary Treatment
▪ Secondary treatment is a biological process
▪ Utilizes bacteria and algae to metabolize organic matter in
the wastewater
▪ In Cape Girardeau secondary treatment occurs on the
trickling filter
▪ The trickling filter does not “filter” the water

▪ Water runs over a plastic media and organisms clinging to

the media remove organic matter from the water
❖ From secondary treatment on the trickling filter water flows
to the final clarifiers for further removal of sludge.

❖ The final clarifiers are another set of primary sedimentation

tanks.

❖ From the final clarifiers the water is discharged back to the

Mississippi River.

❖The final clarifiers remove

additional sludge and
further reduce suspended
solids and B.O.D.
 Disposal of Sludge or Biosolids

• The sludge undergoes lime stabilization (pH is raised by addition of lime) to

kill potential pathogens.

• The stabilized sludge is land applied by injection into agricultural fields.

• In the past, Cape Girardeau disposed of the sludge by landfill or incineration

• Landfill disposal discontinued to the threat of leachate

• Incineration discontinued because of the ineffectiveness and cost

 CONCLUSION
• A successful technical project involves integration of
various fields.

• This is an attempt to combine several aspects of

environmental , biological , chemical and civil-
engineering.
THANK YOU