A

Mini Project
On
STATIC STRESS ANALYSIS ON TYPICAL STEAM TURBINE BLADE

Under the guidance of

Mr. Y. SRINIVASA REDDY

By
P. ABHISHEK & TEAM

Kandlakoya, Medchal Road, Hyderabad 501401

Tel.no; 08418-200037, cell; 9247022662
 ABSTRACT

• . Low pressure turbine is very critical from strength point of view because of the high centrifugal and
aerodynamic loading. The stress in these highly twisted blades is required to be evaluated accurately in order to
avoid blade failures and cracking. In the present work, effect of ‘pressure loading on the blade surface’ and
‘centrifugal loading’ on the steady state stress has been studied. 3D blades from the given profile data for the
last stage of a typical steam turbine is generated by stacking 2D profile sections in a customized software
including blade root attachment. The generated model is meshed in ANSYS package driven by customized
software and the pressure distribution is mapped on the blade surface. Steady state stress analysis generated to
understand the dynamic behavior of the blade.
• Keywords- Finite Element analysis, airfoil, root, Disk, stress analysis.
Contents:

 Introduction & Importance of the work

 Scope of Work
 Approach for FE Analysis through ANSYS
 Qualification of Static Stress
 FEM Analysis
 Conclusion

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Introduction & Importance of the Work:

 Steam Turbine blades are subjected to high centrifugal & cyclic loading, unsteady steam flow through blade
passage and increased blade lengths especially for last stages.

 This results into higher stress levels and multitude of possible resonances.

 Last stage blades of steam turbine suffer high dynamic stresses.

 Last stage blades are also subjected to severe centrifugal load stress that when combined with the dynamic
stress is responsible for fatigue failures.

 Flow field at the last stage of LP turbine are in supersonic zone, hence the bending forces are relatively higher
than the drum stages.

 Under low volumetric flows of steam, stress induced due to vibration are more difficult and resulting response is
unstable vibration that occurs predominantly at fundamental mode of the blade.

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Scope of Work:

 Blade and disk model generation

 FE model generation
 Static Analysis of blade disk model
 Qualification of static stress.

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Approach for FE Analysis through ANSYS

Generation of Solid Model of Blade

Defining the material Properties

Defining contacts

Generation of FE Model

Boundary Conditions

Solution

Post processing of results

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 Generation of solid model of blade

A solid model of blade and disk sector was created in CATIA software. These models were
further converted into .IGS format and imported into ANSYS for Stress Analysis

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 FE Analysis –Mesh Generation

Mesh model
of blade
Mesh model of
blade with disk
 Figures showing the mesh model of blade and mesh model of blade with disk sector.

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 Pressure loading & Boundary Conditions

Cyclic symmetry boundary conditions are applied. Contact

boundary conditions has been applied between disk sector and
blade root bearing surfaces. Disk sector’s bottom face has been
fixed.

: Pressure loading and Boundary conditions

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 FE Analysis – Boundary Condition

Loads Considered:
Centrifugal loading at 3000rpm.
Aerodynamic force (Power and pressure drop information reqd. to compute tang. & axial forces on blade).
Force ratio (tip/hub) determine the profile of aerodynamic load in tangential and axial directions.
Material Properties: Material used X20Cr13
Material properties are taken at 1000C (Blade Temperature is around 960C)
Young’s modulus = 213 GPa
Poisson’s ratio = 0.3
Density = 7700 kg/m3
Yield strength= 540 MPa
Minimum tensile strength (UTS) =760 MPa

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 FE Analysis – Results

Von-Mises Stress plot at root

Von-Mises Stress (Blade)
Steady stress analysis-Results:

Figures represents that the stress is acting at various edges of steam turbine blade and also shows the points
at which maximum stress is acting and point at which minimum stress is acting. Maximum stress is
507.697MPa and the minimum stress is 0.335785MPa.

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 Displacement plot- vector sum
Steady stress analysis-Results:

Displacement plot

Figures represents radial displacement for steam turbine blade. We have observed that
maximum radial displacement and minimum radial displacement from above figure.
The Maximum radial displacement is 0.27mm and minimum radial displacement is 0.15mm.

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Qualification of Static Stress

Determination of allowable stress:

For Static Stress
ASME guideline is followed for allowable
stress calculation.

For Design Limits :

Allowable Stress for Allowable Membrane stress ≤ So
Membrane Allowable Membrane+ Bending stress ≤
1.5 So
{S0}
where So( for temperature below transition
Min[(2/3)*Yield, UTS/3.5] temp) can be taken minimum of the followings
• 2/3rd of the min. yield strength at
temperature i.e. at 1000C= 540*2/3 = 360
MPa
• Min. tensile strength (UTS)/3.5 = 760/3.5
Allowable Stress for
= 217 MPa
Membrane + Bending
Hence So for X20Cr13 at 100oC is 217 MPa.
1.5*S0

(Ref: Mandatory Appendix 1: Section II, Part D

and NH 3221: Section III Div1-NH, ASME 2013)

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Conclusions:

Extensive literature survey had been carried out to understand the stress behavior of bladed component of
turbo machinery. Finite element stress and modal analysis was carried out for the moving blades of a low
pressure steam turbine using customized software, dedicated for analysis of steam turbine blades. 3D blades
from the given profile data is generated by stacking 2D profile sections and attaching the root using an easy to
use GUI available in the customized software. And also one sector of the disk is modeled in the software and
assembly of blade and disk is made. The model of the blade and disk is meshed in the software. Steady state
stress analysis of the blade is carried out by applying the centrifugal and aerodynamic loading. Stress
categorization at the critical location of the blade root is carried out to find out the membrane and membrane
+ bending stress at those locations. It is found that the stresses at those locations are lesser than the allowable
stress and hence from the steady stress analysis is it concluded that the blade under consideration is safe from
the static stress point of view.

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THANKYOU