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Course : Metodologi Penelitian
Year : 2014

INTRODUCTION TO
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 Sub Topics:
• Introduction to Research
• Scientific Investigation

Learning Outcome:
Describe the basic concepts of
research
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 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH

• Research is simply the process of finding solutions to a

problem after a thorough study and analysis of the
situational factors.
• Business research is an organized, data-based, critical,
objective, scientific inquiry or investigation into a specific
problem, undertaken with the purpose of finding answers
or solutions to it.

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 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH

Some commonly researched areas in business

• Employee behavior
• Employee attitude
• Consumer decision making
• Customer relationship management
• Delivering and performing serving

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 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH

Some commonly researched areas in industrial engineering

1. Human Factors http://www.engineering.uiowa.edu/mie/gr
aduate-program/industrial-engineering-
2. Production Systems graduate-program/research-focus-areas-
industrial

3. Reliability Systems
4. Mechanical Engineering
5. Biological Engineering
6. Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering
4-6  Read in OR 1
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 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH

Types of business research

• To solve a current problem faced by the manager in the
work setting, demanding a timely solution  Applied
research
• To generate a body of knowledge by trying to
comprehend how certain problems that occur in
organizations can be solved  Basic research

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 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH
Being knowledgeable about research and research methods helps
professional managers to:

• Identify and effectively solve minor problems in the work setting.

• Know how to discriminate good from bad research.

• Appreciate and be constantly aware of the multiple influences and

multiple effects of factors impinging on a situation.

• Take calculated risks in decision making, knowing full well the

probabilities associated with the different possible outcomes.

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 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH

Being knowledgeable about research and research methods helps

professional managers to:

• Prevent possible vested interests from exercising their influence in a

situation.

• Relate to hired researchers and consultants more effectively.

• Combine experience with scientific knowledge while making

decisions.

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 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH

Managers often need to engage a consultant to study some

of the more complex, time consuming problems that they
encounter.

Manager Researcher

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 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH
To summarize, while hiring researchers or consultants the manager
should make sure that:

• The roles and expectations of both parties are made explicit.

• Relevant philosophies and value systems of the organization are

clearly stated and constraints, if any, are communicated.

• A good rapport is established with the researchers, and between the

researchers and the employees in the organization, enabling the full
cooperation of the later.
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 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH

Internal External
consultants/researchers consultants/researchers

https://www.google.co.id/search?q=internal+researcher&client=firefox&hs=L6S&rls=com.yahoo:id:official&channel=sb&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=Tr
S7U8y_O9KzuATn4oKADA&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAQ&biw=1024&bih=617#channel=sb&q=consultant&rls=com.yahoo:id:official&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&i
mgrc=UXMntyGFLXF7MM%253A%3BpWVhg9BcdxVirM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.theuncommonlife.com%252Fblog%252Fwp-
content%252Fuploads%252F2010%252F08%252Fconsultant.gif%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.theuncommonlife.com%252Fblog%252Fbe-your-own-
consultant%252F%3B250%3B272
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 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH
• Ethics in business research refers to a code of conduct or
expected societal norm of behavior while conducting
research.

• Ethical conduct applies to the organization and the members

that sponsor the research, the researchers who undertake the
research, and the respondents who provide them with the
necessary data.
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 Discussion Questions

Page 16 No 1-5
Sekaran.U., & Bougie, R. 2010.
Research Methods for Business: A
Skill Building Approach. John Wiley
and Sons, Inc. New Jersey. ISBN:978-
0470744796

https://www.google.co.id/search?q=discussion&client=firefox&hs=71Q&rls=com.yahoo:id:official&channel=sb&s
ource=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=4AG-
U9XCDtaTuATv54DoCw&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAQ&biw=1024&bih=617#channel=sb&q=+questions&rls=com.yaho
o:id:official&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=YgC23rUsqd7JLM%253A%3Bv5Wupfk_3iU3KM%3Bhttp%253
A%252F%252Fen.hdyo.org%252Fassets%252Fask-question-1-
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s%3B1000%3B756

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 Scientific Investigation
• Scientific research focuses on solving problems and pursues a
step-by-step logical, organized, and rigorous method to
identify the problems, gather data, analyze them, and draw
valid conclusions from them.

• Scientific investigation tend to be more objective than

subjective, and helps manager to highlight the most critical
factors at the workplace that need specific attention so as to
avoid, minimize, or solve problem.
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 Scientific Investigation
The hallmark or main distinguishing characteristics of scientific research may
be listed as follows:
1. Purposiveness
2. Rigor
3. Testability
4. Replicability
5. Precision and confidence
6. Objectivity
7. Generalizability
8. Parsimony

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 Scientific Investigation
The hypothetico-deductive method
1. Identify a broad problem area
2. Define the problem statement
3. Develop hypotheses
4. Determine measures
5. Data collection
6. Data analysis
7. Interpretation of data
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 Scientific Investigation

Case studies and action research are sometimes used to study certain
types of issues. These will be briefly discussed now.
• Case studies involve in-depth, contextual analyses of similar
situations in other organizations, where the nature and definition
of the problem happen to be the same as experienced in the
current situation.
• Action research is sometimes undertaken by consultants who want
to initiate change processes in organizations.

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 Discussion Questions

Page 32 No 1-5

Sekaran.U., & Bougie, R. 2010.

Research Methods for Business: A
Skill Building Approach. John Wiley
and Sons, Inc. New Jersey. ISBN:978-
0470744796

https://www.google.co.id/search?q=discussion&client=firefox&hs=71Q&rls=com.yahoo:id:official&channel=sb&s
ource=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=4AG-
U9XCDtaTuATv54DoCw&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAQ&biw=1024&bih=617#channel=sb&q=+questions&rls=com.yaho
o:id:official&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=YgC23rUsqd7JLM%253A%3Bv5Wupfk_3iU3KM%3Bhttp%253
A%252F%252Fen.hdyo.org%252Fassets%252Fask-question-1-
ca45a12e5206bae44014e11cd3ced9f1.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fen.hdyo.org%252Ftee%252Fquestion
s%3B1000%3B756

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