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Interpolation
http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Transforming Numerical Methods Education for STEM
Undergraduates
http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu 1
Direct Method of
Interpolation
http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
What is Interpolation ?
Given (x0,y0), (x1,y1), …… (xn,yn), find the value of ‘y’ at a
value of ‘x’ that is not given.
4 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Direct Method
Given ‘n+1’ data points (x0,y0), (x1,y1),………….. (xn,yn),
pass a polynomial of order ‘n’ through the data as given
below:
y a0 a1 x .................... an x . n
5 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Example 1
The upward velocity of a rocket is given as a function
of time in Table 1.
Find the velocity at t=16 seconds using the direct
method for linear interpolation.
t, s v t , m/s
0 0
10 227.04
15 362.78
20 517.35
22.5 602.97
30 901.67 Figure 2 Velocity vs. time data for the
rocket example
6 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Linear Interpolation
v t a0 a1t y
Hence
v t 100.93 30.914t , 15 t 20.
v16 100.93 30.91416 393.7 m/s
7 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Example 2
The upward velocity of a rocket is given as a function
of time in Table 2.
Find the velocity at t=16 seconds using the direct
method for quadratic interpolation.
t, s v t , m/s
0 0
10 227.04
15 362.78
20 517.35
22.5 602.97
30 901.67 Figure 5 Velocity vs. time data for the
rocket example
8 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Quadratic Interpolation
y
v t a0 a1t a2t 2 x1 , y1
v10 a0 a1 10 a2 10 227.04
2 x2 , y 2
f2 x
v 20 a0 a1 20 a2 20 517.35
2
x0 , y 0
x
ys
f x desired 350
250
227.04 200
10 12 14 16 18 20
10 x s range x desired 20
t, s v t , m/s
0 0
10 227.04
15 362.78
20 517.35
22.5 602.97
30 901.67 Figure 6 Velocity vs. time data for the
rocket example
11 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Cubic Interpolation
y
x3 , y3
v t a0 a1t a2t a3t
2 3
x1 , y1
v10 227.04 a0 a1 10 a2 10 a3 10
2 3
f3 x
x2 , y 2
v15 362.78 a0 a1 15 a2 15 a3 15
2 3
x0 , y0
12 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Cubic Interpolation (contd)
v t 4.2540 21.266t 0.13204t 2 0.0054347t 3 , 10 t 22.5
v16 4.2540 21.26616 0.1320416 0.005434716
2 3
392.06 m/s
700
602.97
f x desired
392.06 392.19
400
a 100
300
392.06
227.04 200
10
10
12 14 16 18
x s range x desired
20 22 24
22.5
0.033269%
13 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Comparison Table
14 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Distance from Velocity Profile
Find the distance covered by the rocket from t=11s to t=16s ?
v t 4.3810 21.289t 0.13064t 2 0.0054606t 3 , 10 t 22.5
16
s16 s11 v t dt
11
16
4.2540 21.266t 0.13204t 2 0.0054347t 3 dt
11
16
t2 t3 t4
4.2540t 21.266 0.13204 0.0054347
2 3 4 11
1605 m
15 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Acceleration from Velocity Profile
Find the acceleration of the rocket at t=16s given that
t 4.2540 21.266t 0.13204 2 0.0054347t 3 ,10 t 22.5
d
a t v t
dt
d
dt
4.2540 21.266t 0.13204t 2 0.0054347t 3
21.289 0.26130t 0.016382t 2 , 10 t 22.5
29.665 m/s 2
16 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Additional Resources
For all resources on this topic such as digital audiovisual
lectures, primers, textbook chapters, multiple-choice
tests, worksheets in MATLAB, MATHEMATICA, MathCad
and MAPLE, blogs, related physical problems, please
visit
http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu/topics/direct_met
hod.html
THE END
http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu