Академический Документы
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Культура Документы
EE 296
Paolo Josemari P. Zafra
2016-91376
Review of Related Literature
&
Problem Statement
Presentation
Literature Review #1
“Direct Lightning Surge
Analysis in Wind Turbines
using Electromagnetic
Transients Computer Program”
Rodrigues, R.B., Mendes, V.M.F., Catalao J.P.S. (2011). Direct Lightning Surge Analysis in Wind Turbines using
Electromagnetic Transients Computer Program. 2011 IEEE EUROCON - International Conference on Computer as a
Tool. Doi: 10.1109/EUROCON.2011.5929181
Relevance to Research Topic:
• The grounding system is modelled as a current dependent grounding resistance with a value of 1 ohms at pre-
surge condition. The frequency dependence of the grounding system is not considered
[1] Shariatinasab, R., Gholinezhad, J., Sheshyekani, K., & Alemi, M. R. (2016). The effect of wide band modeling of tower-footing grounding system on the
lightning performance of transmission lines: A probabilistic evaluation. Electric Power System Research 141 (2016), 1-10. Retrieved from
https://www.journals.elsevier.com/electric-power-systems-research
Literature Review #2
“The effect of wide band
modeling of tower-footing
grounding system on the lightning
performance of transmission
lines: A probabilistic evaluation”
Shariatinasab, R., Gholinezhad, J., Sheshyekani, K., & Alemi, M. R. (2016). The effect of wide band modeling of
tower-footing grounding system on the lightning performance of transmission lines: A probabilistic evaluation.
Electric Power System Research 141 (2016), 1-10. Retrieved from https://www.journals.elsevier.com/electric-
power-systems-research
Relevance to Research Topic:
• It was shown, using a probabilistic analysis, that the impedance of the grounding rod is frequency
dependent when the soil parameter is also chosen to be frequency dependent [1].
• This is important because lightning stroke current is characterized by a wide band of frequency
[1] Shariatinasab, R., Gholinezhad, J., Sheshyekani, K., & Alemi, M. R. (2016). The effect of wide band modeling of tower-footing
grounding system on the lightning performance of transmission lines: A probabilistic evaluation. Electric Power System Research 141
(2016), 1-10. Retrieved from https://www.journals.elsevier.com/electric-power-systems-research
The image to the left is one of the tower footing
grounding rod configuration considered and modelled
by the researchers in the EMTP-RV. It is a one port 3 m
vertical rod
Jiang, J., Chang, H., Kuo, C., Huang, C. (2013). Transient overvoltage
Image taken from: phenomena on the control system of wind turbines due to lightning
Jiang, J., Chang, H., Kuo, C., Huang, C. (2013). Transient strike. Renewable Energy 57 (2013), 181-189. Retrieved from:
overvoltage phenomena on the control system of wind https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/renewable-
turbines due to lightning strike. Renewable Energy 57 energy/vol/57/suppl/C
(2013), 181-189. Retrieved from:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/renewable-
energy/vol/57/suppl/C
Literature Review #5
“Mitigation of Lightning Hazards
at the More Sensitive Points in
Wind Farms Using Ant-Colony
Optimization Technique”
Abd-Allah, MA., Said, A., Ali, M., (2016). Mitigation of Lightning Hazards at the More Sensitive Points in Wind Farms
Using Ant-Colony Optimization Technique. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 144-159; doi:
10.11591/eei.v5i2.618
Relevance to Research Topic:
Grounding System Design significance
• The proper modelling of the grounding system in a wind turbine structure was
shown to reduce the GPR (Ground Potential Rise) in the system through transient
analysis simulation of a lightning surge hitting the blade of the wind turbine Abd-Allah, MA.,
Said, A., Ali, M., (2016). Mitigation of Lightning Hazards at the More Sensitive Points in Wind Farms Using Ant-Colony Optimization Technique. Bulletin of Electrical
Engineering and Informatics, 144-159; doi: 10.11591/eei.v5i2.618
• The proponents of the research paper used two types of grounding system, a
conventional one and a proposed configuration from another study. A significant
reduction of the ground potential rise was shown when the proposed configuration
was used. Abd-Allah, MA., Said, A., Ali, M., (2016). Mitigation of Lightning Hazards at the More Sensitive Points in Wind Farms Using Ant-Colony Optimization
Technique. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 144-159; doi: 10.11591/eei.v5i2.618
The two images to the left are the
grounding system models used in the
study.
(upper) Ring only#12 Diameter at 1
meter depth
Abd-Allah, MA., Said, A., Ali, M., (2016). Mitigation of Lightning
Hazards at the More Sensitive Points in Wind Farms Using Ant-
Colony Optimization Technique. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering
and Informatics, 144-159; doi: 10.11591/eei.v5i2.618
Image taken from: Abd-Allah, MA., Said, A., Ali, M., (2016). Mitigation of Lightning Hazards at
the More Sensitive Points in Wind Farms Using Ant-Colony Optimization Technique. Bulletin of
Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 144-159; doi: 10.11591/eei.v5i2.618
Literature Review #6
“Calculation of Lightning
Current Parameters”
Heidler, F., Cvetic J.M., Stanic, B.V. (1999). Calculation of Lightning Current Parameters. IEEE Transactions on
Power Delivery, Vol. 14, 399-404 doi: 10.1109/61.754080
Relevance to Research Topic:
Novel Lightning Current Channel Function
• The Heidler function was first introduced in this paper. The Function describes a
lightning current channel in a stricken object. Heidler, F., Cvetic J.M., Stanic, B.V. (1999). Calculation of Lightning Current
Parameters. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 14, 399-404 doi: 10.1109/61.754080
• The Heidler function is widely used by power engineers to model a lightning current
in transient analysis simulations
The equation to the left is the Heidler Function.
Using known parameters of the current shape
of a lightning stroke, an equivalent current
Taken from:
Heidler, F., Cvetic J.M., Stanic, B.V. (1999). Calculation of
source can be modeled in a simulation using
Lightning Current Parameters. IEEE Transactions on
Power Delivery, Vol. 14, 399-404 doi: 10.1109/61.754080
the said function. Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind
Turbine Blade due to Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart
Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788
Wherein
• Accurate modelling of the wind turbine structure was neglected in the study
• The current model of the lightning discharge current is ideal. Recommendations
from the research proponents is to use a Norton equivalent circuit model with an
ideal current source shunted to a passive element that represents the lightning
channel impedance. Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind Turbine Blade due to Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018
IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788
Image taken from: Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind Turbine Blade due to Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018
IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788
Illustration of the lightning current shape as well as the important parameters as recommended in CIGRE and IEEE
documents. It is necessary to determine the values of 10%, 50% and 90% of peak value, as well as the
corresponding time values (front time-Tf, Tail Time-Tt, and duration t).
The image to the left is the plot of an
actual lightning event recorded on 2016-
01-12 at 22:49:09.471 GMT. The research
proponents used the data to model a
negative lightning flash in the EMTP-RV.
Current Peak Value = -11.169 kA
Front Time = 3.2326 µs
Tail time = 86.0096 µs
Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind Turbine Blade due to
Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid
Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi:
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788
Image taken from: Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind
Turbine Blade due to Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES
Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi:
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788
The image to the left is the plot of an
actual lightning event recorded on 2016-
01-10 at 23:48:07.481 GMT. The research
proponents used the data to model a
positive lightning flash in the EMTP-RV.
Current Peak Value = 88.7501 kA
Front Time = 44.7000 µs
Tail time = 173.6010 µs
Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind Turbine Blade due to
Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid
Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi:
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788
Image taken from: Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind
Turbine Blade due to Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES
Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi:
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788
The image to the left is the plot of an
actual lightning event recorded on the
11th of December 2011 at 16:08:15.855
GMT. The research proponents used the
data to model a bipolar lightning flash in
the EMTP-RV.
Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind Turbine Blade due to
Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid
Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi:
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788
Image taken from: Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind
Turbine Blade due to Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES
Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi:
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788
• The proposed model of the researchers were compared to other models in through
the values obtained in the simulation. It was shown that the proposed model gave
out a relatively lower estimates of the overvoltage values as compared to other
models. Shariatinasab, R., Kermani, B., Gholinezhad, J.(2019) . Transient modeling of the wind farms in order to analysis the lightning related overvoltages.
Renewable Energy 132 (2019), 1151-1166 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.08.084
• The proposed model can lower the cost of the system components due to the lower
surge voltage estimates through simulation
The image to the left is the wide-band
model of the overall structure of the wind
turbine that was used for transient analysis
in the EMTP-RV