A PRESENTATION ON

“CONVERSION OF PLASTIC WASTES

INTO FUEL

APEX INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, RAMPUR

(DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)

PRESENTED BY
RIYAZ AHMED
ME FINAL YEAR
 CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION
• PLASTIC WASTAGE
• TYPE OF PLASTICS
• PLASTICS RECYCLING TECHNOLOGIES
• CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS
• HOW THIS WORK?
• ADVANTAGES
 INTRODUCTION
• Plastics play an important role in today life because its unique
properties like light weight ,resistance to water and chemicals
,resistant to heat and cold ,low electric and thermal
conductivity more design flexibility ,durability and remarkable
colour range.
• Due to above properties plastics use in packaging ,agriculture
,construction ,automobile sector ,textiles and sports.
• Wide range of use of plastic the waste of plastic is very high.
• Plastic waste management is biggest problem now due to their
non biodegradability nature.
• Pyrolysis is a method by which waste plastic convert into fuel
(diesel ,kerosene and petrol) .It is thermal degradation process
in the absance of oxygen.
 PLASTIC WASTAGE
• Plastics are increased from about 2.6 MT in 2003 to about
3.6 MT in 2007.
• Estimated that approximately 10 thousand tons per day of
plastics waste. Generated i.e. 9% in the India. 32 million
of plastics were generated in 2011 in America.
• The average European throws away 36kg of plastics each
year.
• Plastics packaging totals 42% of total consumption and
very little of this is recycled Only 8 percent of the total
plastic waste generated in 2011 was recovered for
recycling.
• In developing countries mainly in India due to low labor
cost, plastics consumption increase
 TYPE OF PLASTICS

• Plastics constitutes in two main categories. It is thermoplastics

and thermoset plastics.
• Thermoplastics make up 80% of the plastics and thermoset
plastics make up of remaining 20 % of plastics produced today
• Thermo plastics can re-melt or re-mould and therefore it
recyclable easily.
• Thermoset plastics cannot re-melt or reshape and therefore it
is difficult to recycling.
• Plastics are relatively cheap, easy available, easy to
manufacture.
• Versatility replace to conventional materials.
 PLASTICS RECYCLING
TECHNOLOGIES
• There is different type of technology include following aspect:

1. Mechanical Recycling- Recycling of plastics waste into

reusable product.
2. Chemical Recycling – Gasification, blast furnace.
3. Incineration- Burning of waste plastics to obtain energy.
4. Pyrolysis – Conversion of waste plastics into liquid fuels.
 CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS
• It is thermal degradation process in the absence of oxygen. It
prevent of formation of COX, NOX, SOX.
• Due to absence of oxygen it breaks large hydrocarbon chain
into smaller ones.
• This type of pyrolysis requires higher temperature and high
reaction time.
• Resulting fluid have low octane value, higher pour point of
diesel and high residue content
 HOW THIS WORK

• Pyrolysis of waste plastics in presence of catalyst lower the

pyrolysis temp and reaction time, increase conversion rate of
waste plastics into fuel.
• increase the yield of fuel and satisfying diesel, petrol quality
of fuel by increase octane value of petrol and decrease pour
point of diesel.
• Catalyst use for this purpose is solid acids such as silica,
alumina,
• zeoliteβ, zeoliteY, mordenite, HZSM-5, MCM-41. Acidic
catalyst.
.
 Process

• Collect waste plastics and separate that clean and recyclable.

• Shredding of waste plastics to reduce volume of its. Shredded
plastics is treated in a cylindrical reactor at temperature of
300ºC – 350ºC .
• Plastics waste further cracked with catalyst and resulting
hydrocarbons are condensed from water cool condenser and
collected in receiver. Then liquid fuel fractionates to get diesel,
kerosene, petrol etc.
• Gases produced are toxic, corrosive with non toxic gases. For
example hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide etc.
•So all the gases are treated from this process before it discharge into
atmosphere.
•Flue gas treated through scrubbers and water/ chemical treatment for
neutralization
 ADVANTAGES

• Eco friendly process

• Feasibility
• Good performance
• Fuel from waste plastics does not require to
add additives for work on burner and engines.
 REFRENCES

• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281064326_CONVE
RSION_OF_PLASTIC_WASTES_INTO_LIQUID_FUELS_-
_A_REVIEW
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315805028_Conversion_
of_Waste_Plastic_into_Liquid_Hydrocarbons_ENERGY_by_Cuco
_3_Catalyst_Application_of_Scientific_Research_on_Plastic_Pollu
tion
THANK YOU