Electric Overhead Traveling Cranes: Essntial Parts, Design Parameters, Structural Consideration, End Carriage, Long and Cross Travel Mechanism

ELECTRIC OVERHEAD TRAVELING
CRANES: ESSNTIAL PARTS, DESIGN

PARAMETERS, STRUCTURAL
CONSIDERATION, END CARRIAGE, LONG
AND CROSS TRAVEL MECHANISM
Prepared by:
Neha A. Kulkarni (504002)
Tanvi R. Patil (504003)
Pratik C. Kalaskar (504010)
April 29, 2019 Course: ME 103, IEDP - MIT WORLD PEACE UNIVERSITY, Pune. (India) 1
Definition and Types of EOT Crane:
• Electric overhead traveling crane: EOT crane is one of the most common types of overhead
crane, or called bridge cranes, which consist of parallel runways with a traveling bridge
spanning the gap.
• Types of EOT cranes:
• LD type single girder EOT crane
• LDP type single girder EOT crane
• HD type single girder EOT crane
• QD type hook double bridge crane
• LH electric hoist double girder bridge crane
• NLH type double girder EOT crane
Distinct Parts
• A EOT crane consists of two distinct parts:
1. Bridge:
The Bridge consists of two main girders fixed at their ends and connected to another structural
components called the end carriages.
In the two end carriages are mounted the main runners
or wheels (four or more) which provide the longitudinal
motion to the main bridge along the length of the
workshop.
The motion of the bridge is derived from an electric
motor which is geared to a shaft running across the
full span of the bridge and further geared to a wheel at each end.
3
Distinct Parts
2. Crab:
The Crab consists of the hoisting machinery mounted on a frame, which is in turn mounted on
at least four wheels and fitted with suitable machinery for traversing the crab to and fro across
the main girders of the crane bridge.
Essential parts
1. Bridge– 2 Nos
2. End carriage– 2 Nos
3. Wheel of the bridge– At least 4 Nos
4. Crab (without auxiliary hoist)– 1 Nos
5. Hoisting machinery set– 1 Nos
6. Wheels of crab– At least 4 Nos
7. Bottom Block (without auxiliary hoist)– 1 Nos
8. Lifting hook– 1 Nos
9. Rail on the gantry girder for crane movement–
2 Nos
10. Rail on the bridge for crab movement– 2 Nos
11. Operators cabin– 1 No’s
Design Parameters
• Type of Crane to be used – Single Grider type or Double Grider type.
• Capacity (Tons)
• Span ( Meters)
• Trolley weight (Tons)
• Hook approach (Meters)
• Location – Outdoor or Indoor
• Crane weight ( Tons)
• Trolley wheel center to center distance (Meters)
• Lifting height of crane (Meters)
• Impact factor
• Duty factor
Design Parameters on load basis
• Crane systems have to be designed under the consideration of four primary types of loading:
• 1. Dead loads - The weights of all structural, mechanical, and electrical systems of the crane
assembly.
• 2. Applied loads - The weight to be lifted and conveyed during operation, generally a design-
specific rated capacity.
• 3. Fatigue loads – Cranes are utilized on a cyclical operation with repetitive loading and
unloading of conveyed loads (or packages).
• 4. Seismic loads – Cranes are typically operated on a suspended railway, which is anchored
to a building structure or alternative support framework.
Structural Considerations
C.M.A.A.(Crane Manufacturers Association of America ) approved designs that are
expected to have:
• Minimum factor-of-safety against yielding of 1.7 for structural members.
• Minimum factor-of-safety against ultimate tensile of 5.0 for mechanical load-bearing
members.
• Column/elastic buckling minimum safety factor of 1.7 .
• Modal excitation minimum fundamental natural frequency of 2.4 Hz for structural and
mechanical members.
• Structural and mechanical analysis is a process that makes use of iterative design analysis.
• The iterative process of design checking is a time-consuming one, as that many loading
parameters and dynamic acceleration factors have to be considered in the calculations.
• To speed up this iterative process, standard design tables are used for quick-reference.
• These tables consists of design sections which have been carefully analysed, and proven to
be viable for the governing design parameters of loading capacity, span (distance between
supports of crane), accelerations, operational and fatigue-life.
• Design-calculation software is used to quickly calculate the required properties of the
structural section, to ensure an operationally-effective design and a more optimally cost-
effective one too. This software is available in a number of formats: spreadsheets,
mathematics packages, equations-of-state solvers, etc.
• Finite-element packages are used to speed up the analytical process, commercially-available
and even some custom-developed packages, if feasible.
Development of Structure is done on the basis of the following procedure:
• Identification of the driving dimensional and operational parameters
a. Crane capacity
b. Crane span
c. Operational speeds
d. Travel range (hook travel for lift, trolley travel for bridge, crane travel for runway)
• Development of the geometric and structural requirements
a. Length of the bridge (for trolley travel)
b. Induced reactions and moments at bridge supports
c. Required cross-sections for structural loading (inertial resistance)
d. Required camber to meet structural deformation allowances
• Selection of an initial cross-section to meet span and dimensional window requirements
a. Optimization of the cross-section via iterative calculations
i. To maximize the inertial properties of the bridge section (structural resistance to stress
and deformation).
ii. To minimize the weight of the structure (saving on material and labor investment).
• Determining reactions based on applied loadings and weights
a. Optimization of the crane end truck via iterative calculations
i. To minimize the wheel-base to meet required runway travel.
ii. To maximize the wheel spacing (wheelbase) to reduce induced runway moments (and
minimize stresses and deformation).
• Girder loading distribution diagram:
TOPICS TO BE COVERED
• End carriage
• End carriage and Girder connections
• Bogie
• Bogie connector
• Long travel m/cy + LT frame
• Drive & idle wheel for long travel
• Cross travel (traverse ) m/cy
• Drive wheel assembly + Idle wheel assembly
• Drive side platform + Idle side platform
• Electric supply to LT and CT machinery.
END CARRIAGE AND BOGGIE
• END CARRIAGE:
An assembly consisting of structural members, wheels, bearings, axles, etc, which supports the bridge
girders.
End carriage
Balancer
Girder Bogie
• BOGIE:
A short end truck attached to the end of one girder ( or to
a connecting member, if more than one bogie is used per
girder). This type of end truck is used when more than
four wheels are required on a crane due to the design of
the runway.
DIFFERENT ARRANGEMENT
1. 4 Wheel arrangement
2. 8 wheel arrangement
Fig. 8 wheel arrangement
End carriage End carriage
Fig. 12 wheel arrangement Fig. 16 wheel arrangement
END CARRIAGE AND GIRDER CONNECTION
With the help of shear plates end carriage and girders are connected
SAFETY IN END CARRIAGE
There are 3 components

used for safety :
1. Ram on rail
2. Sweeper plate
3. Buffer
LONG TRAVEL MECHANISM
•The motion of the whole crane on its gantry or tracks
is known as the longitudinal travel motion.
• Help to travel along entire work place
• Components are :
1. Motor
2. Gear box
3. Brake
Drive wheel LT frame
Idle girder
Drive girder Drive side platform
CROSS TRAVEL MECHANISM
•The motion of the trolley or crab

across the crane span is known as cross
traverse motion. Idle wheel
assembly
• Help to travel along entire work place
• Components are :
Drive wheel
1. Motor
assembly
2. Gear box
3. Brake
ELECTRICAL SUPPLY
• DSL Down-Shop Lead Arrangement (Long
Travel Current Collecting System)
system is used to provide supply to long travel mechanism.
Consist of copper wires.
ASSEMBLY OF ELECTRIC OVERHEAD
TRAVELLING CRANE COMPONENTS

Electric Overhead Traveling Cranes: Essntial Parts, Design Parameters, Structural Consideration, End Carriage, Long and Cross Travel Mechanism

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ELECTRIC OVERHEAD TRAVELING

CRANES: ESSNTIAL PARTS, DESIGN

Fig. 12 wheel arrangement Fig. 16 wheel arrangement

There are 3 components

Drive girder Drive side platform

•The motion of the trolley or crab

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