OBJECTIVES OF STORAGE, BULK

MATERIAL HANDLING, GRAVITY

FLOW OF SOLIDS THROUGH
SLIDES AND CHUTES AND
STORAGE IN BINS AND HOPPER
Presented By: Avinash Bhat (504004)
Rohan Manjrekar (504016)

April 29, 2019 MIT WORLD PEACE UNIVERSITY, Pune. (India) 1

 OBJECTIVES OF STORAGE
• Maximum utilization of space with adequate care and protection of property.
• Positive item identification.
• Effective conservation of time, labor, and equipment.
• Rapid, easy movement of property from the storage area to the point of use or consumption.

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 BULK HANDLING EQUIPMENT
AND SYSTEM

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• Handling and storage of very large quantities of materials amounting to lakhs of tonnes.
• Bulk handling is generally involved in certain areas of operation like
(i)open cast mining,
(ii) ports and dockyards,
(iii) stockpiling (storage) area of large process plants (e.g. steel plants, power plants etc.),
(iv) railroad terminals and others.

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 STORAGE OF BULK SOLIDS
The factors determining the selection of storage are:
• Nature of material,
• Quantity of materials to be stored,
• Charging and discharging rate,
• Frequency, etc.

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 BINS
• Large container of cylindrical or rectangular shape made from sheet metal supported on legs.
• Filling of bins is from the open or covered top and discharge is from the bottom opening.
• Inside agitators or outside vibrators are used for facilitating flow of materials from the
discharge opening.
• Generally conveyors, bucket elevators, pneumatic conveyors are used for delivery of
materials into the bin.
• Discharge of materials at desired rate into suitable materials handling equipment is ensured
by using different types of feeders.

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 BUNKERS
• A bunker is essentially a large bin, used for storage of materials like coal in a power station.
• These may be a few hundred meters in length.
• Belt conveyors, with automatic trippers, dumpers etc. are used for filling of the bunkers.

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 STOCKHOUSE BINS
• A number of conventional bins, grouped in an elevated structure for batch delivery of
materials to the process.
• A blast furnace generally has such stockhouse bins.
• The bins may be filled by railroad cars or transfer cars or belt conveyors.
• The discharge is through mechanical bin gates to equipment like skip hoist.

April 29, 2019 MIT WORLD PEACE UNIVERSITY, Pune. (India) 8

 SILOS
• Silo is a tall cylindrical structure unusually made of reinforced concrete.
• These are used for storage of materials like grain, cement, sand, crushed stone, coal coke,
salt, clay, gypsum etc.

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 SHEDS
• Many materials which need to be stored under a cover for one reason or other, but are
difficult to be stored in a bin or silo, are generally stored in a shed.
• Sheds may be upto 100mtrs in width and several hundred meters in length.
• Sheds are covered at top by G.I sheets/asbestos sheets supported on full width strusses.
• Materials are generally brought in by belt conveyor and distributed in the shed by a
distributing conveyor.
• Discharge is generally through reclaiming conveyors working below floor levels.
• Sheds are used for short to long duration storage of different materials, a few of them are like
bauxite ore, gypsum, clay, salt, raw sugar, cement clinker etc.

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 OPEN PILE STORAGE
• Some solids, in bulk are frequently stored in open storage piles.
• Materials which are not weathered easily and need to be stored and reclaimed at substantial
hourly rate are kept in open pile storage.
• The piles can contain materials from 5000 tons to some million tons, while handling rate may
vary from 100 to 2000 tonnes per hour.

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 BULK HANDLING EQUIPEMENT
• Belt conveyor, crawler crane, gantry crane, rotary crane with grab bucket etc. are widely used
as bulk handling equipment

April 29, 2019 MIT WORLD PEACE UNIVERSITY, Pune. (India) 13

 BUCKET WHEEL EXCAVATOR
• The Bucket Wheel Excavator is used to dig up the material with the help of a rotating wheel
with a number of buckets on its periphery.
• The bucket wheel is mounted at the end of a boom which can be moved up and down
(luffing) along the face of the area being excavated with the help a rope winch or hydraulic
cylinders.
• The boom is supported from a horizontally rotating (slewing) frame mounted on the
undercarriage which moves on the uneven mine surface on crawlers.
• The material discharged from the buckets is guided on to a belt conveyor running along the
boom and, near the machine centre, is discharged on to a similar boom with a belt conveyor,
called the discharge boom, which transfers the material for onward transportation.
• The discharge boom can also rotate independently of the main boom to facilitate convenient
discharge.
• Capacity of bucket wheel excavators may start at 150 m3/hr and exceed 10,000 lm3/hr.

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 BELT WAGON/MOBILE TRANSFER CONVEYOR
• The Belt Wagon forms the link between the Bucket Wheel Excavator and the ground
conveyor at the mine.
• Like the bucket wheel excavator the belt wagon also has two independently slewable and
luffable booms,each with a belt conveyor, mounted on and extending on either side of the
undercarriage with crawlers.
• One of the booms receives the materials discharged from the bucket wheel excavator and
transfers it to the other discharge boom which transports the material to the ground conveyor.
• Capacity of belt wagon has to be matched with that of bucket wheel excavator to provide a
matched system.

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 SPREADER
• In any mining operation a substantial amount of unusable material has to be removed prior to
getting access to the actual material to be mined.
• These materials, called overburden, are normally dumped at a distance from a mine with the
help of spreaders.
• The material discharged from the excavator is transported to the spreader on a ground
conveyor.
• The spreader operates in conjunction with a tripper car which discharges the incoming
material on the ground conveyor to the belt conveyor on the receiving boom of the spreader.
• The conveyor transfers the materials to another conveyor supported on a long discharge
boom which discharges into a pile.

April 29, 2019 Course: ME 103, IEDP - MIT WORLD PEACE UNIVERSITY, Pune. (India) 18
April 29, 2019 MIT WORLD PEACE UNIVERSITY, Pune. (India) 19
 STACKER
• The stacker is used for preparing the stockpile with the incoming material.
• The machine travels on rails with the material fed to it through the yard conveyor between
the rails.
• It is provided with a boom with a belt conveyor which is moved up and down with the help
of wire ropes or hydraulic system.
• The material coming on the yard conveyor is raised by a tripper attached to the stacker and
discharged into the boom conveyor which carries the material up to its end and allows it to
fall to form a stockpile.
• The machine travels continuously to and fro so that the pile is built up layer by layer.

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 BUCKET WHEEL RECLAIMER
• Similar to the bucket wheel excavator but the reclaimer is used to pick up the material from
the stockpile for onward dispatch.
• Capacities of bucket wheel reclaimers can vary widely from 150 te/hr to 10,000 te/hr, boom
length can vary from 20 m to 60 m

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 SCRAPER RECLAIMER
• The material is picked up from the stockpile by a scraping action.
• A large number of scraper blades are attached to a pair of endless moving chains for scraping
the material from the pile.
• The material is brought to one side of the pile and finally loaded on to the conveyor running
along side the stockpile.
• In some designs the material is moved down from the pile by using rakes and then picked up
by the scraper blades.

April 29, 2019 MIT WORLD PEACE UNIVERSITY, Pune. (India) 23

 STACKER-CUM-RECLAIMER
• This combination machine does the functions of both a stacker and a bucket wheel reclaimer.
• It is basically similar to the bucket wheel reclaimer, but with the boom conveyor as a
reversible one for stacking operations, and also has a tripper attached to it for feeding as in
the case of the stacker.
• This machine is an economical solution for stockyards where stacking and reclaiming is not
required simultaneously.

April 29, 2019 MIT WORLD PEACE UNIVERSITY, Pune. (India) 24

 SHIP LOADERS/UNLOADERS
• For continuous loading of dry bulk cargo into ships at a high rate, shiploaders are employed.
• The material arrives through a conveyor running along the jetty which is raised by a tripper
attached to the machine and discharged on to a belt conveyor on the machine.
• The conveyor is carried on the boom structure and discharges at its end into the ships’ hold.
• The loaders generally run on rails laid along the jetty.
• Generally, in all loaders the boom can be luffed up and down and, depending on the design, it
can have telescopic section at the front and also rotate horizontally.

April 29, 2019 103, IEDP - MIT WORLD PEACE UNIVERSITY, Pune. (India) 25
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 CONTAINER HANDLING CRANE
• This crane is similar to a ship unloader.
• Instead of grab bucket, a special grab is suspended from the crane trolley to handle the
standard containers.

April 29, 2019 MIT WORLD PEACE UNIVERSITY, Pune. (India) 27

 GRAVITY FLOW OF SOLIDS
THROUGH
SLIDES AND CHUTES

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 CHUTES
• Chute is a vertical or inclined plane, channel or passage through which objects are moved by
means of gravity.
• Conveyor chutes are used in bulk handling to perform a variety of operations, like the
loading of a belt conveyor, and the transfer of material from one moving belt conveyor to
another
• Such operations are widely used for the transport of both coarse grain material (such as
cereals, mineral ore and coal) and fine powders (as used in the chemical and pharmaceutical
industries).
• Chutes also finds applications in tall buildings to allow rapid transport of items from upper
floor to central location, or one of the lower floors or basement.
• They may be square, round, or rectangular at the top and/or the bottom.

April 29, 2019 MIT WORLD PEACE UNIVERSITY, Pune. (India) 29

• Depending on the load to be handled, chutes are made of various size, shape and material:
1) Troughs:
• For bulk materials rectangle or round shaped troughs are used.
• For abrasive materials, these may be lined by cast iron, glass tiles or hard plates.
• Bowl feeders to equipment are always connected by trough
like chutes to deliver components to exact location.
• Suitable change in cross section on the chute can
correctly orient the components and/or discard wrongly
oriented component.

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2) Pipes:
• Used for dusty or liquid materials.
• Swinging pipes is used to distribute material along a circular path.

3) Ladders and spiral chutes:

• Used to lower loads vertically.
• They retard velocity of descend and prevent
landing of load with impact.

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4) Transfer slides:
• These are used to roll unit loads of round shape down an incline by gravity.
• They generally comprises of two rigid guides made of round or profiled steel, mounted on a
framework.
• The loads roll over and are also guided by the two guides.

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 STORAGE IN BINS AND
HOPPER

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 BINS
• A bin is a large container of cylindrical or rectangular shape made from sheet metal
supported on.
• Filling of bins is from the open or covered top and discharge is from the bottom opening.
• Inside agitators or outside vibrators are used for facilitating flow of materials from the
discharge opening.
• Generally conveyors, bucket elevators, pneumatic conveyors are used for delivery of
materials into the bin.
• Discharge of materials at desired rate into suitable materials handling equipment is ensured
by using different types of feeders.

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 THANK YOU

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