A TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON:

“DESIGN OF CRT ANALYZER

AND REJUVENATOR”

Submitted by
Under the guidance of
 INTRODUCTION

 Since the early 1900s, the Cathode-Ray Tube or CRT (sometimes called the
Braun Tube) has played an important part in displaying images, movies, and
information

 The Cathode Ray Tube is a well established technology as a result of which it is

being used widely and is relatively inexpensive and reliable.

 It is basically a vacuum tube that contains one or more electron guns, a

phosphorescent screen that is used to display images.

 These images may represent electrical waveform oscilloscope, pictures , radar

targets or others

 CRT’s have also been used as memory devices in which the light emitted from a
flourescent material is not intended to have a significant meaning to visual
observer.
•The CRT has many advantages inspite of which it is being
taken over by other display technologies like LCD ,plasma and
OLED screens.

•The major cause for this is the corrosion that mainly occurs
on the CRT

•To overcome this problem we design a tool which tells us

about the emission of electrons on the CRT screen that is on
the RGB cathodes which are a part of producing an image that
is emitted by an electron gun to the screen which is subject to
corrosion.
 LITERATURE SURVEY

 CATHODE RAY TUBE AND IT’S APPLICATIONS 2014 IJIRT |

Volume 1 Issue 6 | ISSN: 2349-6002 Shubham Gupta,Vishal Sharma,
Parshant Sharma Electronics & Communication Department: This paper
majorly focussed on the cathode ray tube applications but not on the
methodology to eliminate the corrosion that occurs in the CRT.

 V. V. Parshutin, E. A. Pasinkovskii, A. M. Paramonov, A. V. Koval', N. V.

Chernysheva,N ew Methods of The Improvement of Metal Corrosion
Resistance Through Surface Impregnation with Anode Electrolyte Heating,
Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry, Volume 48, Issue I, pp 74-
77, February 2012.
 The CRT

The main components:

•The electron gun

•The electron beam focuser
•The electron beam deflector
•The screen
 BASIC OPERATION

 In television sets and computer monitors the entire front area of the
tube is scanned repetitively and systematically in a fixed pattern called
RASTER

 An image is produced by controlling the intensity of the three electron

beams , one for each additive primary color(red ,green , blue) with a
video signal as reference.

 In all modern CRT monitors the beams are bent by magnetic field , a
varying magnetic field generated by coils and driven by electronic
circuits around the CRT.

 The resulting images are from a heated cathode and trigger firing
electrons which when strikes the phosphor screen will cause TV screen
to light up.
 PICTURE PERCEPTION

• The picture perception is done by the receiving antenna

which intercepts the radiated picture and feeds them to
the RF tuner.
• It is then mixed with signals from a local oscillator and
then given to the IF amplifier.
• Then it is detected and demodulated.
• The signals are the AF amplified and fed into the
picture tube.
 CORROSION PROCESS
 Corrosion is an electrochemical process in which a metal reacts with its
environment to form an oxide or other compound.
 The cell which causes corrosion has three essential constituents:
a. An Anode
b. A cathode
c. Electrolyte
 Corrosion can only be controlled by slowing down its speed to slow
down the damage process.
 In this case the electron stream is reduced by the corrosion so as to
reduce its effects on the picture tube.
 ELECTROCHEMICAL MECHANISM OF
CORROSION

 Electrochemical reaction of metal is reation of metal with an oxidant

such as oxygen or sulphur.

 Rusting, the formation of iron oxides is an example of electrochemical

corrosion .

 Corrosion can be concentrated locally to form a pit or crack or it can

extend across a wide area more or less uniformly

 Corrosion is a diffusion controlled process and so occurs on exposed

surfaces.

 Metals mainly corrode due to thermodynamics

 CRT REJUVENATOR

 CRT rejuvenator is a tool which helps in recovering the emission by

heating the cathode excessively and operate grating at a positive
potential to force the loose dirt (corrosion) from the surface of cathode.

 With the release of dirt on the cathode, the resulting image will be
good.

 CRT rejuvenator mainly consists of :

a. Heater circuit
b. Cathode injection circuit
c. Measuring instrument circuit
 CONTROL

CATHODE INJECTION
HEATER CIRCUIT CIRCUIT

 The circuit is made to  This is circuit which

heat the cathode makes use of
filament in order to components like diode
assist in the release of bridge, capacitor,and
dirt on the surface of switch to remove the
cathode with voltages dirt on the surface of
measuring between the cathode.
1.5V and 12V
 MEASUREMENT ANALYSIS
 MEASUREMENT ON HEATER CIRCUITS
a. Measurements on heater circuits were made using sanwa digital
multimeter which produces voltages between range 220-240V AC .

 MEASUREMENT ON CATHODE INJECTION CIRCUITS

a. A series of measurements were made on the RGB cathodes which
produces a voltage between 230-235 V AC

 MEASUREMENT OF CRT REJUVENATOR

a. Measurement injection testing is done with potentiometer rejuvenator
with state open or not given the obstacles, where the emissions produced
in the picture tube before injected showed 40% on each cathode red,
green, and blue. To prove that the tool can inject and raise emissions at
each cathode RGB then injecting regularly with regard to the balance of
RGB. After injecting the resulting periodic emissions of 60% on each
cathode RGB, means proves that the injection of the committed by
rejuvenator succeed.
 ADVANTAGES

 They operate at any resolution,geometry and aspect ratio without the need for
rescaling the image.

 CRT’s run at the highest pixel resolutions generally available.

 Produce a very dark black and highest contrast levels normally available.
Suitable for use even in dimly lit or dark environments.

 Have fast response times and no motion artifacts.

 APPLICATIONS

 Used in cathode ray oscilloscope

 As a display device in radar

 In televisions

 In computer monitors
 CONCLUSION
 From the results of the analysis it can be noted that injection is
performed on each cathode of RGB .

 The results of the rejuvenator is quite successful which shows that

emission on cathode of RGB will increase by increasing a weak cathode
and balancing the emission ,thus producing an optimal image

 The CRT has many benefits when compared to other display

technologies. The two most important ones are price and quality. They
can also be used in a wide variety of applications such as radars in
addition to televisions
 FUTURE SCOPE

 While CRT is a mature technology there is still a lot of room for

improvement .Today a high resolution display can have 2000 pixels in
each direction with millions of colors .

 In the forseeable future CRT can compete with other display

technologies with a smaller size, lower cost, low power consumption.
 REFERENCES
 Design of Cathode Ray Tube Analyzer & Rejuvenator for CRT and CRO: IEEE 2015
by R. Priyo Hartono Adji Research Center for Electronics and Telecommunication
Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Bandung, Indonesia

 Ramesh Singh, Corrosion Control for Offshore Structures – Cathodic Protection

and High Efficiency Coating, Elsevier Inc, 2014.

 V.V. Parshutin, Corrosive and Electrochemical Behavior of Pseudo alloys on The

Basis of Tungsten and Their Components, Surface Engineering and Applied
Electrochemistry, Volume 44, Issue 6, pp 446-461,December 2008.

 V. V. Parshutin, E. A. Pasinkovskii, A. M. Paramonov, A. V. Koval', N.V.

Chernysheva,N ew Methods of The Improvement of Metal Corrosion Resistance
Through Surface Impregnation with Anode Electrolyte Heating, Surface
Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry, Volume 48, Issue I, pp 74-77, February
2012.
THANKYOU