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MENTOR.
MOBILIZE.
MULTIPLY.
Life
Old Testament Survey

Giving credit to.… Dave Graef
Old Testament Survey
Derreck Jewell
Introduction: The Grand Scheme
LAW PROPHETS WRITINGS
Primitive History Narratives Literature
Patriarchal History
Prophecies Narratives
Pentateuchal History
Primitive History: Creation & Fall
Introduction:
Genesis 1-11
Adam to Abraham
Purpose: To Define and Expose the Human Sin Nature.

I. In the beginning, God…

God is eternal. God is powerful.
God is Creator. God is purposeful.
God is good. God is generous.
God is orderly.
God is personal.
Can we find any indication of the Trinity here?

1. God is “Elohim.” (Hebrew Plural)
2. “Let us make man in our image…”
3. There needs to be a number in the God-head for
them to relate to each other.
II. The Creation Account:

II. The Creation Account
Without Form Empty
Day Day
1 Light “Lights” 4
Day Day
2 Skies / Seas Birds/Marine Life 5
Day Day
3 Land Land Animals/Man
6
Day
7 Sabbath / Rest
III. The Origin of Man:
A. The OrderII. The Creation Account
God created man first… before

the woman, which is used later by
Paul to argue that women should
not have doctrinal authority over
men in the church (1 Timothy 2:11-
14).
B. The Creation
Man was created by God. He is

the result of a special act of
creation, not a result of an
evolutionary process.
C. Man’s Essence
At creation, man has both a

physical component (body)
made of dust, and a spiritual
component (soul) created by the
breath of God. They exist in
harmony.
D. His Sexuality &Creation
II. The MarriageAccount
God created mankind in two

distinct, but complementary
genders. Marriage is a divine
creation that unites the two in a
holy union; it is not a human
invention.
Key Concepts
1. Abandonment
2. Join
3. One Flesh
IV. The Great Commission for all Men
4 Mandates
1. Be fruitful Command of Production
2. Multiply Command of Procreation
3. Fill the Earth Command of Population
4. Dominate Command of Protection
IV. The Great Commission for all Men
4 Stories
Adam & Eve Man did not dominate.
Cain & Abel Man did not multiply.
Noah & Flood Man did not produce good, but evil.
Tower of Babel Man did not fill the earth.
V. The Sin of Adam & Eve
A. The Fall of an Angel
B. The Fall of Man & Its Effects
Physical Death
Cursed Ground / Labor
Knowledge of Evil
Separation from God
Sin Nature
C. The Adamic Covenant
14 So the Lord God said to the serpent:
“Because you have done this, you are cursed
more than all cattle, and more than every
beast of the field; on your belly you shall go,
and you shall eat dust all the days of your life.
Genesis 3:14-15
15 And I will put enmity between you and the
woman, and between your seed and her
Seed; He shall bruise your head, and you shall
bruise His heel.”
Genesis 3:14-15
Primitive History: Cain & Abel, Flood, and Tower of Babel
4 Stories
Adam & Eve Command of Protection
Cain & Abel Command of Procreation
Noah & Flood Command of Production
Tower of Babel Command of Population
I. Cain & Abel

I. Cain & Abel

4 Stories
Adam & Eve Command of Production
Noah & Flood Command of Population
Tower of Babel Command of Protection
II. The Flood

4 Stories
III. The Tower of Babel

4 And they said, “Come, let us build ourselves
a city, and a tower whose top is in the
heavens; let us make a name for ourselves,
lest we be scattered abroad over the face of
the whole earth.”
Genesis 11:4
4 Stories
Patriarchal History
Patriarchal History: Abraham
Introduction:
Genesis 12-50
Abraham to Moses
Purpose:
To define the covenant with
Abraham and explain the
fulfillment of the promise of
descendants.
I. The 3 Promises of the Abrahamic Covenant
1. Descendants
2. Blessing
3. Land
Descendants Blessings Land
Exodus Numbers
Genesis
Leviticus Deuteronomy
II. The 4 Generations of the Patriarchs
1. Abraham
2. Isaac
3. Jacob
4. Joseph
III. Abraham - The First Patriarch
A. Introduction
1. The Tension
2. The Key
3. Contribution
B. Two Sons and a Miracle
Abraham’s Failure Abraham’s Success

Hagar - Slave Sarah - Wife
Ishmael Isaac
Blessing of God Blessing of God
Father of 12 Princes Father of 12 Tribes
Arab Nations God’s Covenant People

C. The Last Test of Faith
Patriarchal History: Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph
I. Isaac: The 2nd Patriarch - Son of the Promise
Abraham Isaac
Famine Famine
Commanded
Went to Egypt
to avoid Egypt
Lied about Sarah Lied about Rebekah
Sent away Sent away
Conflict w/ Lot Conflict w/ Abimelech
II. Jacob: The 3rd Patriarch
Isaac Jacob
Do not marry… Do not marry…
Abraham sent
servant to find a wife
Jacob went alone
Found Rebeka Found Rachel

at a well at a well
Watered camels Watered camels
Barren Barren
II. Jacob: The 3rd Patriarch
Leah Rachel Bilhah (R) Zilpah (L)
1. Reuben 11. Joseph 5. Dan 7. Gad
2. Simeon 12. Benjamin 6. Naphtali 8. Asher
3. Levi
4. Judah
9. Issachar
10. Zebulun
10b. Dina
III. Joseph: Beloved Son, Hated Son
Catastrophic Human Divine
Events Purposes Purposes
To rid God put
The brothers
themselves of Joseph in
sold Joseph
a brother Egypt, in
into slavery
whom they Potiphar’s
and he was
considered a house.
taken to Egypt.
parasite. (success)
God put Joseph
Joseph was She wanted to in the prison
falsely punish him for where he would
accused by not agreeing meet the king’s
Potiphar’s wife. to have sex. servants.
(success)
To take To ensure that
advantage of Pharaoh would
The cup
Joseph’s ability learn of his
bearer forgot
to interpret ability at the
about Joseph.
dreams (to right
know his future.) time.(success)
Patriarchal History
6 And Joseph died, all his brothers, and all
that generation. 7 But the children of Israel
were fruitful and increased abundantly,
multiplied and grew exceedingly mighty; and
the land was filled with them.
Exodus 1:6-7
Pentateuchal History: Exodus / Leviticus
I. Slavery & Hope
God had predicted that there would be a conflict
between the seed of the serpent and the seed of
the woman (Gen. 3:15).
We see this in action in Exodus 1.
~ Oppression & Slavery.
~ The Slaughter of the Innocents.
But God multiplied His descendants anyway!

I. Slavery & Hope

Exodus Numbers
Genesis
Exodus ends the issue of Descendants…

…and begins the issue of Blessing.
II. God’s Provision
A. God Calls Moses
B. The Plagues
1 Afterward Moses and Aaron went in and
told Pharaoh, “Thus says the Lord God of
Israel: ‘Let My people go, that they may hold
a feast to Me in the wilderness.’”
Exodus 5:1-2
2 And Pharaoh said, “Who is the Lord, that I
should obey His voice to let Israel go? I do
not know the Lord, nor will I let Israel go.”
Exodus 5:1-2
12 “I will… execute judgments against all the
gods of Egypt, for I am the LORD.”
Exodus 12:12
B. The Plagues
Question
Who hardened Pharaoh’s heart?
(See Exodus 7:22, 8:15, 8:19, 8:31, 9:7, 9:12, 9:34-35,

10:20, 10:27, and 11:10.)
1 Now the Lord said to Moses, “Go in to
Pharaoh; for I have hardened his heart and
the hearts of his servants, that I may show
these signs of Mine before him…
Exodus 10:1-2
2 …and that you may tell in the hearing of
your son and your son’s son the mighty
things I have done in Egypt, and My signs
which I have done among them, that you
may know that I am the Lord.”
Exodus 10:1-2
III. The First Passover
IV. The Exodus
V. The Mosaic Covenant
VI. Israel’s Failure
The Holy Place

Curtain of
Separation Basin Altar
The Altar
of Incense 2. Ark of the Covenant
3. Table of Showbread
Holy of Holies 4. Golden Lampstand

11 But Christ came as High Priest of the good
things to come, with the greater and more
perfect tabernacle not made with hands,
that is, not of this creation. 12 Not with the
blood of goats and calves, but with His own
blood He entered the Most Holy Place once
for all, having obtained eternal redemption.
Hebrews 9:11-12
Pentateuchal History: Numbers / Deuteronomy

Exodus Numbers
Genesis
I. Numbers
Literary Chiastic Structures
Promise
(Land) Power
(Plagues) Crossing
(Red Sea) Spies
(No Faith)
Wander
(Wilderness)
Spies
Crossing (Faith)
Power (Jordan)
Promise (Jericho)
(Land)
I. Numbers
A. Lack of Faith
I. Numbers
B. The Exceptions
Caleb & Joshua

I. Numbers
C. The Purpose of the Two Censuses
I. Numbers
Promised Land
2nd Census
1st Census
Egypt
40 years
I. Numbers
D. Narrative Themes
~ Korah’s rebellion
~ Complaining about lack of water
~ Fiery Serpents
~ Balak & Balaam
~ Israel’s harlotry in Moab
I. Numbers
E. Contribution to the Theme of the Bible
II. Deuteronomy - The Second Law
A. The Structure of Deuteronomy
1-3: A Look Back (lessons learned)
4-11: Blessings and Curses
12-25: Explanation of the Covenant
26-30: Blessings and Curses
31-34: A Look Ahead (lessons for the future)
B. The Theme of Deuteronomy
Obedience brings blessing.

Disobedience brings curses.
Patriarchal History
The Prophets: Narratives
Joshua and Judges are built upon the premise of Deute
JOSHUA JUDGES
Obedience brings Disobedience brings
Blessing Curses
I. Joshua - Obedience brings Blessing
A. Joshua’s Place in the Old Testament
Joshua’s Place in the OT
Promise
(Land) Power
(Plagues) Crossing
(Red Sea) Spies
(No Faith)
Wander
(Wilderness)
Spies
Crossing (Faith)
Power (Jordan)
Promise (Jericho)
(Land)
B. The Structure of Joshua
1. The Conquest of the Land (1-12)
2. The Division of the Land (13-24)
II. Judges - Disobedience brings Curses
A. Judges’ Place on the OT
JOSHUA JUDGES
Obedience brings Disobedience brings
Blessing Curses
B. The Cycle of Sin
1. SIN
5. SHALOM 2. SUFFERING
4. SALVATION 3. SUPPLICATION
C. Survey of the Judges
D. Common Themes in the Book of Judges
1. Lack of Leadership
6 In those days there was no king in Israel;
everyone did what was right in his own eyes.
Judges 17:6
1. Lack of Leadership
2. Subjective Morality
6 In those days there was no king in Israel;
everyone did what was right in his own eyes.
Judges 17:6
The Prophets: The Monarchy
Monarchy Divided Kingdom
I & II Samuel I & II Kings

I. Israel wanted an Earthly King.
II. Saul: Head and Shoulders above the Rest
III. David: A Man After God’s Own Heart
A. The Selection
7 But the LORD said to Samuel, “Do not look
at his appearance or at his physical stature,
because I have refused him [Saul]. For the
LORD does not see as man sees; for man
looks at the outward appearance, but the
LORD looks at the heart.”
I Samuel 16:7
B. The Contrast with Saul
Saul vs. David
Saul David
Anointing: Anointing:
Based on his Based on his
physical appearance heart
Saul vs. David
Saul David
Confirmation: Confirmation:
Saul conquered David conquered
Jabez Goliath
Saul vs. David
Saul David
Saul’s Sins: David’s Sins:

(1) He offers the offering; (1) He remained in
the duty of the priests Jerusalem when
he should have
gone to war
Saul vs. David
Saul David
Saul’s Sins:
David’s Sins:
(2) He made a frivolous
(2) He broke a vow
vow, and would kill
and committed
Jonathon to
adultery
complete it
Saul vs. David
Saul David
Saul’s Sins:
(3) He refused to David’s Sins:
annihilate the (3) He murdered Uriah,
Amalekites, but responded with
and responded repentance
with excuses
Saul vs. David
Saul David
Concern:
Concern:
David danced publicly
Actual appearance.
without his kingly
(looking like a king)
clothing
Saul vs. David
Saul David
Concern:
Saul was jealous David always
of David respected Saul’s
authority
Saul vs. David
Saul David
Saul persecuted and David respected

tried to kill David Saul’s life, even though
although he was an ally he was an enemy
Saul vs. David
Saul David
Saul oppressed David rescued

the Gibeonites the Gibeonites
Saul vs. David
Saul David
Saul did not write David wrote many

any psalms psalms
Saul vs. David
Saul David
David received the

Saul lost his kingdom promise of an
eternal kingdom
C. The Davidic Covenant
Covenant w/ Abraham Covenant w/ David
Descendants Descendants
Blessing Blessing
Land Land
I. Israel wanted an Earthly King.
II. Saul: Head and Shoulders above the Rest
IV. Solomon: The Wisest Fool
The Prophets: The Divided Kingdom
Northern
Kingdom
(Israel)
Exile
Judges United
Kingdom Exile
Southern
Kingdom
(Judah)
I. The Two Kingdoms Saul
II. The Two Captivities
David
Solomon
Israel Judah
Assyrian Captivity Babylonian Captivity

III. Four Types of Kings
+ Actions - Actions
Did what was right Did what was evil
+
Influenced others Permitted others
Influence to do right to do right
Did what was right Did what was evil
-
Permitted others Influenced others
Influence to do evil to do evil
Patriarchal History
The Prophets: The Prophecies
The Prophets: The Prophecies
I. Isaiah
II. Jeremiah
III. Ezekiel
IV. The Twelve
Patriarchal History
The Writings: The Narratives
I. Daniel
The 70 Weeks of Daniel
70 years of Punishment
(for 490 years of ignoring the Sabbath)
70 years became 70 “sevens”

“…seven times I will punish them for their sins…” (Leviticus 23:18 & Daniel 9:24)
1 seven
Decree Undefined amount (Pact w/ evil
X
(to of time government. He
62 sevens
7 sevens reconstruct (marked by will put an end
(Until the death of the anointed
(49 years) the walls of destruction, to sacrifices and
/ “Messiah.”)
Jerusalem. desolation and offerings. Will
) war.) commit horrible
sacrilege.
This takes us to the exact date of the Triumphal Entry.

I. Daniel
II. Ezra-Nehemiah
III. I & II Chronicles
The Writings: Literature
I. The Holiday Cycle

A. Ecclesiastes was read during the Feast of Tabernacles
B. Esther was read during Purim
C. Lamentations was read during the commemoration
of the destruction of the Temple
D. Ruth was read at the Festival of Weeks
E. Song of Solomon was read during
the Passover
Ecclesiastes
Esther
Esther
Introduction - Esther replaces Queen Vashti (1-2)
The King’s 1st Decree (3)
Clash between Haman & Mordecai (4-5)
Turning Point:
King reads of Mordecai/decides to honor him. (6)
Mordecai triumphs over Haman (7)
The King’s 2nd Decree (8-9)
Conclusion - Mordecai becomes 2nd in Command (10)

Ecclesiastes
Esther
Lamentations
Ruth
Ruth
Devastation of Naomi’s Family (1:1-5)
Deliberation by 2 Relatives (1:6-19a)
Return to Bethlehem in Hopelessness (1:19b-22)
Declaration of Love Ruth & Boaz (2:1-23)
Return to Bethlehem in Hope (3:1-18)
Deliberation by 2 Relatives (4:1-12)
Restoration of Naomi’s Family (4:13-21)

Ecclesiastes
Esther
Lamentations
Ruth
Song of Solomon
The Writings: Wisdom Literature
The Writings: Wisdom Literature
Psalms
Proverbs
Job
Job
God’s administration of justice is…
Satan Job’s Friends Job
Inherently Mechanically
Not working?
Flawed Applied
Job worships God Job is cursed;
I am cursed, but
only because he has therefore, he
I do not
been materially must have
understand why!
blessed by Him. disobeyed.
Job’s friends are

Satan is Job did not need to
proven wrong.
proved wrong. know. God never
God Himself
Job worships reveals to him what
supports Job’s
regardless. happened behind
claims of
the scenes.
innocence.
Summary: Covenants & Prophecies
New
Creation
Creation

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MENTOR.

Old Testament Survey

Primitive History Narratives Literature

Purpose: To Define and Expose the Human Sin Nature.

I. In the beginning, God…

Can we find any indication of the Trinity here?

II. The Creation Account:

God created man first… before

Man was created by God. He is

At creation, man has both a

God created mankind in two

I. Cain & Abel

I. Cain & Abel

II. The Flood

III. The Tower of Babel

Primitive History Narratives Literature

Abraham’s Failure Abraham’s Success

Arab Nations God’s Covenant People

Found Rebeka Found Rachel

Primitive History Narratives Literature

But God multiplied His descendants anyway!

Descendants Blessings Land

Exodus ends the issue of Descendants…

Who hardened Pharaoh’s heart?

(See Exodus 7:22, 8:15, 8:19, 8:31, 9:7, 9:12, 9:34-35,

The Holy Place

VI. Israel’s Failure

Descendants Blessings Land

Caleb & Joshua

Obedience brings blessing.

Primitive History Narratives Literature

Joshua and Judges are built upon the premise of Deute

Monarchy Divided Kingdom

I & II Samuel I & II Kings

Saul’s Sins: David’s Sins:

Saul persecuted and David respected

Saul oppressed David rescued

Saul did not write David wrote many

David received the

Assyrian Captivity Babylonian Captivity

Primitive History Narratives Literature

Primitive History Narratives Literature

70 years became 70 “sevens”

This takes us to the exact date of the Triumphal Entry.

I. The Holiday Cycle

Introduction - Esther replaces Queen Vashti (1-2)

The King’s 1st Decree (3)

Clash between Haman & Mordecai (4-5)

Mordecai triumphs over Haman (7)

The King’s 2nd Decree (8-9)

Conclusion - Mordecai becomes 2nd in Command (10)

Devastation of Naomi’s Family (1:1-5)

Deliberation by 2 Relatives (1:6-19a)

Return to Bethlehem in Hopelessness (1:19b-22)

Declaration of Love Ruth & Boaz (2:1-23)

Return to Bethlehem in Hope (3:1-18)

Deliberation by 2 Relatives (4:1-12)

Restoration of Naomi’s Family (4:13-21)

Job’s friends are

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