Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
MENTOR
Dr. K. K. Pathak
Professor
Civil Engg., IIT BHU
C & D PLANT IN BURARI, NEW DELHI
THE MATERIAL USED IN THE PROJECT WERE BROUGHT FROM THIS PLANT SITUATED IN NEW
DELHI
INTRODUCTION / PROBLEMS FACED
• Concrete is the most commonly used man made material and the second most consumed substance in the world
behind water.
• At present time the demand of concrete is about 3 tonne per person per annum.
• Concrete contains about 60% of coarse aggregate and about 20-25% of sand. Due to high demand both of the
above resources are depleting very rapidly.
• Along with this the waste created due to demolition of buildings is increasing day by day and it’s dumping has
become a big problem.
• Stone powder produced from stone crushing zones appears as a problem for effective disposal.
DISADVANTAGES OF RECYCLED AGGREGATE
One of the answers to the problems raised above is using recycled aggregate instead of virgin aggregate but it
raises certain problems
• Downgrading of quality of concrete.
• Increase in water absorption capacity ranging from 3% to 9%
• Decrease in compressive strength of concrete (10-30%)
• Reduces workability of concrete.
• Lack of specifications and guidelines.
• Less durability of RAC
• PEARMIBILITY OF RECYCLE AGGREGATE INCREASES
OBJECTIVE
• Using recycled aggregate instead of fresh aggregate and adding mild steel to it to compensate the lost compressive
strength.
• Replacing some amount of sand with stone dust to find the max compressive strength at the optimum value of
stone dust in the above noted materials.
• Decreasing the permeability of recycled aggregate concrete by using stone dust.
• Comparing the results obtained here to those obtained using fresh aggregate to assess the strength of the cement
concrete.
• Designing the composition of materials after keeping the situation in mind.
MATERIALS USED
• Recycled aggregate along with mild steel scrap instead of Fresh aggregate as course aggregate
• Sand as fine aggregate
• Stone dust partially substituting sand
• PPC Cement
• Water (pH 6.5-8.5)
• Sieve analysis
• Water absorption test
• Slump test
• Compressive Strength Test
• Ratio by mass
Water : Cement : Sand : CA (10mm) : CA (20mm)
0.45 : 1.0 : 1.3 : 1.1135 : 1.502
• Ratio by volume
Water : Cement : Sand : CA (10mm) : CA (20mm)
1.34 : 1.0 : 1.47 : 1.17 : 1.571
EXPERIMENT
• In the experiment performed we have added mild steel scrap step by step by replacing coarse aggregate.
• Initially the specimen do not contain any mild steel , then we replace 1% ,2% and 3% of coarse aggregate with mild
steel.
• Along with change in mild steel scrap we will vary the amount of the stone dust added to the specimen which
replaces fine aggregate.
• First the specimens are made without any stone dust and then we increase the %age of stone dust to 5%, 10%,
15% and 20% and record the readings.
• We will try to get the value of the additives at which the compressive strength of concrete equals the fresh
concrete strength.
SLUMP TEST
15 14.42
13.76
13.04
12.02
10
0
100% Recycled Aggregate + 99% Recycled Aggregate + 98% Recycled Aggregate + 97% Recycled Aggregate +
0% Mild Steel 1% Mild Steel 2% Mild Steel 3% Mild Steel
26.15
24.95
25
23.24
21.87
Strength (N/mm² )
20
17.48
16.68
15.54
15 13.75
10
0
100% Recycled Aggregate + 99% Recycled Aggregate + 98% Recycled Aggregate + 97% Recycled Aggregate +
0% Mild Steel 1% Mild Steel 2% Mild Steel 3% Mild Steel
25.82
24.93
25
23.58
22.166
Strength (N/mm² )
20
17.377
16.44
14.85 15.32
15
10
0
100% Recycled Aggregate + 99% Recycled Aggregate + 98% Recycled Aggregate + 97% Recycled Aggregate +
0% Mild Steel 1% Mild Steel 2% Mild Steel 3% Mild Steel
26.2
24.82
25
23.4
Strength (N/mm² )
20
18.29
16.846
15.95
15.06
15
10
0
100% Recycled Aggregate + 99% Recycled Aggregate + 98% Recycled Aggregate + 97% Recycled Aggregate +
0% Mild Steel 1% Mild Steel 2% Mild Steel 3% Mild Steel
22.36
21.38
20.2
20
18.44
Strength (N/mm² )
14.68
15 14.06
13.02
11.05
10
0
100% Recycled Aggregate + 99% Recycled Aggregate + 98% Recycled Aggregate + 97% Recycled Aggregate +
0% Mild Steel 1% Mild Steel 2% Mild Steel 3% Mild Steel
• We can easily observe that the compressive strength of the specimens is max at 15% stone dust and 3% mild steel
• The maximum compressive strength of the specimen sample
At 7 Days : 18.29 N/mm2 At 28 Days :28.44 N/mm2
• The compressive strength of the specimen with fresh aggregate
At 7 Days : 18.9 N/mm2 At 28 Days : 28.78 N/mm2
COMPARISON OF MAX ACHIEVED STRENGTH AND
STRENGTH OF VIRGIN AGGREGATE
Comparison of the recycled with virgin aggregate concrete
29
27
25
23
21
19
17
15
7 Days 28 Days
Fresh aggregate Recycled aggregate Column1
COST EVALUATION
• Change in Slump : As the %age of dust in the concrete increases, the slump of concrete decreases. As the
percentage of dust increases, the fineness of aggregate increases and in turn, the specific surface of aggregate
particles increases. So, more water was required to wet the concrete and consequently, workability decreases.
• Absorption : Crushed stone dust acts as a filler in the concrete and reduces the absorption of concrete.
• Water Permeability : The addition of dust to the concrete improves the impermeability of concrete because it
blocks the passages connecting capillary pores and the water channels. This blockage is affected by the amount of
dust content, and the more water passages were blocked, the more reduction in the permeability of concrete
specimens is observed.
BENEFITS OF USING RECYCLED AGGREGATE
• The use of recycled aggregate can save money for local governments and other purchasers
• Save energy when recycling is done on site
• Conserve diminishing resources of urban aggregates.
• Creates more employment opportunities is recycling industry.
• While being crushed into smaller particles a large amount of carbon dioxide is absorbed. This reduces the amount
of CO2 is the atmosphere.
• Conserves landfill space, reduces the need for new landfills and hence saving more costs.
RECYCLED AGGREGATE IN INDIA
• A series of tests could be done about the use of wastes such as stone dust, metal scrap,
brick chips, broken tiles, marble dust etc. by first adding them separately and then
combining them to check the properties of concrete such as Water Absorption, Water
Penetration, Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength, Impact Resistance, Water
Permeability, Drying Shrinkage, Durability etc.
• Since the increasing demand of concrete and rapid depletion in its materials used and
environmental hazards are troublesome problems and it are crying out loud for
replacements of the present way and we have to provide it, as soon as possible.
REFERENCES: -
• Tahir Celik and Khaled Marar Department of Civil Engineering, Eastern Mediterranean
University, Magusa, Mersin 10 Turkey
• Scrap Specifications Revised March 2012 Contacts: Mike Russ & Marty Wallace
• ISHER C, WERGE M. EU AS A RECYCLING SOCIETY. ETC./SCP WORKING PAPER
2/2009. AVAILABLE ON
• IS : 383-1970 Specifications for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for
concrete (second revision) BIS, New Delhi
• IS CODE: 10262-1982 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN.