SOP for Bolt qualification

Prepared by
HEMANTH M. S.
 Area of bolt
The area of the bolt which will resist or take the
loads is Tensile stress area so which will be
preferred in most of the cases for calculation.
Shank area of bolt
• 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 where, r=d/2
Tensile stress area of bolt
0.94 2
• 𝐴 = Π/4 ∗ (𝐷 − )
𝑛
Where 1/n=pitch
Root area of bolt
• This is the area calculate by taking the
root diameter of the thread
𝜋
• 𝐴= (𝐷 − 1.3 ∗ 𝑃)2
4
where, P = pitch of the bolt
 Material details
Ferritic materials
• Carbon steel
• C - 1/4 Mo
• ¾ Cr
• 1Cr – 1Mn -1/4 Mo
• 1Cr – 1/5 Mo
• C - 1/2 Mo – V
• 5Cr - 1/2 Mo
• 12Cr - 1Mo – V – W
• 13 Cr
• 17Cr – 4 Ni – 4 Cu
• ½ Ni – ½ Cr – ¼ Mo
• 1 ¾ Ni – ¾ Cr – ¼ Mo
• 2 Ni – ¾ Cr – ¼ Mo
• 2 Ni – ¾ Cr – 1/3 Mo
• 2 Ni – ¾ Cr – ½ Mo – V
• 3 ½ Ni – 1 ¾ Cr – ½ Mo -V
 Material details
Austenitic materials
• 25Ni – 15Cr – 2Ti
• 16Cr – 12Ni – 2 Mo
• 16Cr – 12Ni – 2 Mo – N
• 18Cr – 8Ni
• 18Cr – 8Ni – N
• 18Cr – 8Ni – S
• 18Cr – 10Ni – Cb
• 18Cr – 10Ni – Ti
• 18Cr – 11Ni
• 19Cr – 9Ni – Mo – W
• 22Cr – 13Ni – 5Mn
 Allowable stress calculation
For Ferritic steel
𝐵∗𝑈𝑇𝑆
• Tensile stress, 𝐹𝑡𝑏 =
2

𝐵∗𝑈𝑇𝑆
• Shear Stress, 𝐹𝑣𝑏 =
3.33

𝐹𝑡 2 𝐹𝑣 2
• Combined stress = + =1
𝐹𝑡𝑏 2 𝐹𝑣𝑏 2

• where 𝐹𝑡 and 𝐹𝑣 are computed stress values

B= Multiplication factor corresponding to
the service level ( refer table in the last page)
 Allowable stress calculation
For Austenitic steel
𝐵∗𝑈𝑇𝑆
• Tensile stress =
3.33

𝐵∗0.625∗𝑈𝑇𝑆
• Shear Stress =
5

𝐹𝑡 2 𝐹𝑣 2
• Combined stress = + =1
𝐹𝑡𝑏 2 𝐹𝑣𝑏 2

• where 𝐹𝑡 and 𝐹𝑣 are computed stress values

B= Multiplication factor corresponding to
the service level ( refer table in the last page)
 Bolt axis selection

According to the picture shown above the axis of the bolt will be Y
The reaction force corresponding to the bolt axis (Y) will be used to
calculate Axial force
 Computed/Calculated stress
𝐹𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
• Tensile Stress =
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡
𝐹𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒
• Shear Stress =
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡
Where
• 𝐹𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 = Value of reaction force corresponding to axis
of the bolt
• 𝐹𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 = Value of reaction force corresponding to
other two axis of the bolt

𝐹𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠−2 2 +𝐹𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠−3 2
• Transverse Force =
𝐴
• Compare the computed stress values with the
allowable stress values. If the allowable stress
value exceeds the computed stress value,
which means that bolt is failing or vice versa.
Multiplication factor table for
different service levels
Service level Multiplication factor

Design condition 1

A 1

B 1.15

C 1.25

Test case 1.25

Thank you