SQUARE AND SINE WAVE

GENERATOR

DESIGHNED BY: MUHAMMAD HASSAN

ROLL NO: D-18-ES-22
BASIC CONCEPTS:
 The basic concept behind and the working of the
the square wave and sine wave generator is
function generator.
 To understand the Logic behind this wave
producer circuit we get to know about function
generator.
 Function generator produces different types of
wave with different types of frequencies.
 We can also change its amplitude by our desired
output.
 What is Function Generator?

 A function generator is usually a piece

of electronic test equipment or software used to
generate different types of electrical waveforms
over a wide range of frequencies.
 Some of the most common waveforms produced
by the function generator are the sine wave,
square wave, triangular wave and saw tooth
shapes. These waveforms can be either
repetitive or single-shot (which requires an
internal or external trigger source).
Applications Of Signal Generator :

 Signal generator are used in the development, test and

repair of electronic equipment.
 For example, they may be used as a signal source to test
amplifiers or to introduce an error signal into a control loop.
 Function generators are primarily used for working
with analog circuits related pulse generator are primarily
used for working with digital circuits.
Square Wave:

 A square wave is a periodic waveform in which the

amplitude changes at a steady frequency between fixed
minimum and maximum values, with the same
duration(time).
 The square wave is a special case of a pulse
wave which allows arbitrary durations at minimum
and maximum. The ratio of the high period to the
total period of a pulse wave is called the duty cycle.
A true square wave has a 50% duty cycle (equal high
and low periods).
Application Of Square Wave:
 Square waves are universally encountered
in digital switching circuits and are naturally generated by
binary (two-level) logic devices.
 They are used for timing diagram in digital electronics as
high and low input Logic.
Sine Wave:

 It is a curve that represents a periodic oscillations of

constant amplitude as given by a sine function.
 The sine wave is important in physics because it
retains its wave shape when added to another sine
wave of the same frequency and arbitrary phase and
magnitude. It is the only periodic waveform that has
this property.
Application Of Sine Wave:

 The sinusoidal wave have large range and

wide ranges of uses.
 It is used in amplifiers as input signal to get
amplified output.
 It is used in all AC circuits to operate.
 The sound that eared by human ear is also
sinusoidal
Components Used

 Resistors.
 Capacitors.
 Potentiometer.
 Transistor-NPN (BC549BP and BC547).
 Switches.
Circuit Diagram of Square Wave:

1
R13 2
RV1
2

2
100
C12
R3
2.2k
OUTPUT
0%

3 C3 1uf
Q1

2
BC547
1

470k 47uf
C2 R4
100k
Q3 47nf Output
Q2

1
C1
B1 0.0047uf R1
12V 10k

2
BC549BP
BC549BP

C9
2

330nf
R5
470
1
Circuit Diagram of Sine Wave:

Vcc

2
R11
2k

1
2
C7 C8
470nF R10
12k
220nF

C6 C5 C4
Vout

1
Q4
BC547
100nF 100nF 100nF
1

1
R9 R8 R7 R6
1k 1k 1k 3k
2

2
Overall square and sine Wave circuit:
1
R13 2
RV1
2

2
100
C12
R3

2
2.2k
0%

3 C3 1uf R11
Q1 2k

2
BC547
1

470k 47uf
C2

1
R4

2
100k
Q3 C7 C8
47nf
Q2 470nF R10

1
12k
C1
B1 0.0047uf R1 C6 C5 C4
220nF

1
12V 10k
Q4
BC547

2
BC549BP 100nF 100nF 100nF

1
BC549BP
R9 R8 R7 R6
C9
2

1k 1k 1k 3k
330nf
R5

2
470
1

D
A