1. Introduction 2. Characteristics 3. Advantages 4. Applications 5.MANET Routing Protocols 6.Security goals 7.Destination -Sequence Distance vector 8. Dynamic Source Routing 9. Zone Routing Protocol An ad hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes This network is a temporary network without the aid of centralization administration These nodes generally have a limited transmission range It acts as both router and hosts Walkies talkies is the best examples * Distributed operation There is no central control of the network operation ,the control of the network is distributed among the nodes . * Autonomous terminal In MANET, each m funcobile node is an independent which could function as both a host and router. * Light –weight terminal In maximum cases, the nodes at MANET are mobile with less CPU capability ,low power are small memory etc. Independence from central network administration .self configuring network Nodes are also act a router Less expensive as compared to wired network Improved Flexibility The network can be set up at any place and time * Military Environments Military communication and operation * Emergency Operation Search –and- Result Policing and fire fighting * Education Ad hoc communication during meeting or lectures. * Entertainment Multi user game PROACTIVE REACTIVE HYBRID • Proactive In proactive routing ,each node has to maintain one or more tables to store routing information REACTIVE It is also know as on-demand routing protocol. If a node want to send a packet to another node then this protocol searches for the route in an on-demand manner. HYBRID They introduces a hybrid model that combines reactive and proactive routing protocol Availability – Availability means the assets are accessible to authorized parties at appropriate timer. Confidentiality – Confidentiality ensure that computer- related assets are accessed by authorized parties. Integrity – Integrity means that assets can be modified only by authorized parties. Non repudiation – Non repudiation ensures that sender and receiver of a message cannot disavow that they have ever sent or received such a message. *Adapted from Routing information Protocol *Each node maintain a routing table which store Next hop Cost matrix for each destination *Routing table update are transmitted periodically * Routing information is trasmitted by broadcast DSR is a type of Reactive Routing Protocol On demand Protocol Source node floods Route Request [RREQ] in the network Use broadcast method to send RREQ A Hybrid Protocol ZRP combines both proactive and reactive approach Divide network into non-overlapping routing zones and use independent protocol and use independent protocol on different zones * INTRA-ZONE – Proactive protocol are used * INTER –ZONE – Reactive protocol are used