OBJECTIVES:

• Explain the postulates of the cell

theory.
• Identify the parts of the cell.
• Describe the structure and function
of major and subcellular organelles.
ROBERT HOOKE
1665: Described a honeycomb-like network of
cellulae in cork slice using his primitive compound
microscope.

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK

1670: Described cells in a drop of pond using
a microscope.

MATTHIAS JAKOB SCHLEIDEN

1838: Concluded that all plant tissues are
composed of cells.
Cell is the basic building block of all
plant matter.
THEODOR SCHWANN
1839: Same conclusion as Schleiden about
animal tissue being composed of cells.

RUDOLF VIRCHOW
1855: Add a third tenet to the cell theory : all
cells develop from pre-existing cells..
PRINCIPLES OF CELL
THEORY
• All living things are made of cells.
• Smallest living unit of structure and
function of all organisms.
• All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
 •Protects the cell
•Controls the entry and exit of
molecules
Cell membrane •Gives the cell a shape
•Adheres to neighboring cells to
form tissue
•Helps the cell to communicate
with the exterior
• The cytoplasm holds water and
nutrients
•The cytoskeleton gives
Cytoplasm and structural rigidity to cell
Cytoskeleton •The cytoskeleton helps
movement of organelles and
chromosomes
 •Command center of the cell
•Duplicate and store genetic
Nucleus information
•Makes ribosomes
•Sends commands to ribosomes
for protein synthesis
Ribosomes •Protein synthesis
 Summary of the function of the
Smooth ER:
•Lipid synthesis
Endoplasmic •Detoxification of alcohol and
Reticulum (ER) drugs
Summary of the function of the
Rough ER:
•Protein synthesis
•Processes and packages proteins
Golgi apparatus and transports them to other
parts of the cell or outside the
cell.
 •Converts food we eat into
Mitochondria energy we use
•Assist in cell growth, cell cycle
and cellular death
•Break down cellular waste into
building blocks
•Destroy foreign invaders
Lysosomes •Peroxisomes break down
& Peroxisomes hydrogen peroxide – harmful
compound
•Peroxisomes are involved in the
synthesis of lipids and bile acids
 Vacuoles •Store food, water and waste

•Lung cells use cilia to move

mucus out of the lungs
Cilia &Flagellum •A sperm cell uses its flagellum
to swim through the female
reproductive tract