Montreal Protocol

:-
International Environmental Agreement.
Contents:-
• The Ozone Layer.
• The Ozone Layer Depletion.
• Montreal Protocol :
• Historical Background.
• Protocol Results.
• Conclusion.
The Ozone Layer :
 The Ozone layer depletion:
• Ozone depletion describes two related events observed since the late 1970s.

• Each spring in the stratosphere over Antarctica (Spring in the southern hemisphere is
from September through November.), atmospheric ozone is rapidly destroyed by chemical
processes.

The Ozone Hole:-

• The ozone hole is a region of depleted layers of ozone above the Antarctic region, whose
creation is linked to increased cases of skin cancer.

• Depletion of Ozone is due to the release of chlorine from chemicals like freons (such as CFCs,
HCFCs) which destroys the ozone.

• CFCs are released by products such as hairsprays, old refrigerators etc.

 The Rescue :- Montreal Protocol
• Historical Background:
1. The U.S. and other industrialized countries signed the Montreal Protocol on the
Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.

2. Since its adoption in 1987, it has successfully ratified by 197 countries.

3. As an implementing agency of the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the

Montreal Protocol (MLF), UNDP supports developing countries eliminate ODS.

4. It’s often considered the most successful international environmental treaty in

history.

5. And yet the U.S. was one of the first countries to ratify the Protocol and have been
a leader on the revisions that sped up the phase-outs of ozone-destroying chemicals.
Some Facts:-
1. The Montreal Protocol targets 96 ozone depleting chemicals in
thousands of applications across more than 240 industrial sectors.

2. By the late 1970s scientists proved chemicals used in fridges, air

conditioners, and aerosol cans were damaging this Ozone shield. But the
chemical industry argued the science was uncertain, and more research
was needed.

3. Then, in 1985, a gigantic hole appeared in the ozone layer over

Antarctica, allowing dangerous levels of UV radiation to reach the
surface.

4. ODSs are also greenhouse gases that contribute to the radiative forcing
of climate change.
• Some Data on
decreasing use of
Ozone Depleting
chemicals.
Protocol Effects:-
Conclusions:-
• The combined impacts of UV levels that could literally burn skin in five minutes and hotter,
stormier weather is something no one would want to live in or wish for their grandchildren,
said Rolando Garcia, a senior scientist at the National Centre for Atmospheric Research
(NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado.

• The UN study revealed that Chlorine levels declined by 0.8% each year between 2005 and
2016 and speculates that it could be the effect of the worldwide ban on the use of CFC.

• Scientists believe that the ozone layer would fully recovered by 2080.
Thank you……