Data Communication & Networks

Engr. Waleed Ejaz

waleed.ejaz@nu.edu.pk

National University of Computer & Emerging

Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 1
Transmission Medium & Physical Layer

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 2

Classes of Transmission Media

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 3

Network Cost

Wiring
Intelligent Workstation
LAN 34% Wiring
Attachment 5%
Software & 7% LAN
Mainframe Attachment
Intelligent
Workstation

54%
Software &
Mainframe

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 4

Cable Specification

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 5

Some Examples

 Some examples of Ethernet specifications

which relate to cable type include:
 10BASE-T
 10BASE5
 10BASE2

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 6

Coaxial cable

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 7

Coaxial Cable (Contd.)

 Speed and throughput: 10-100Mbps

 Inexpensive
 Maximum Cable Length: 500 m
 Used in Cable television

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 8

Twisted pair Cable

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 9

Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 10

Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 11

UTP (Contd.)

 Easy to install
 Cheaper
 UTP cable is more prone to electrical noise
and interference

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 12

Category of UTP Cables

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 13

Shielded Twisted pair Cable (STP)

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 14

Shielded Twisted Pair Cable

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 15

STP (Contd.)

 STP reduces electrical noise within the cable

such as pair to pair coupling and crosstalk
 STP also reduces electronic noise from
outside the cable, for example
electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio
frequency interference (RFI)

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 16

STP (Contd.)

 STP affords greater protection from all types

of external interference, but is more
expensive and difficult to install than UTP.

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 17

Screened Twisted Pair

 A new hybrid of UTP with traditional STP is

Screened UTP (ScTP), also known as Foil
Twisted Pair (FTP).

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 18

ScTP (Contd.)

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 19

Optical Fiber

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 20

Optical Fiber

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 21

Fiber Optic
The core of the optical fiber has to have a
larger index of refraction (n) than the material
that surrounds it. The material that surrounds
the core of the fiber is called the cladding.
The angle of incidence of the light ray is
greater than the critical angle for the core and
its cladding.

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 22

Multimode and Single Mode

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 23

Installation is Difficult

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 24

Today's Lab Work

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 25

Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 26

Ethernet Cables
 10/100 Ethernet cables have 8 wires, of which 4 are
used for data
 The other wires are twisted around the data lines for
electrical stability and resistance to electrical interference
 There are also different grades of cable quality.
 The most common are CAT5, CAT5e and CAT6.
 CAT5 is good for most purposes and can transfer data at
100Mbps
 CAT5e is rated for 200Mbps and CAT6 is rated for gigabit
Ethernet

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 27

CAT 5 Cable: Electrical Characteristics

 Impedance: 100 Ohms

 Frequency rating: 100MHz
 Capacitance 13.5 to 17 picofarads per feet
 Attenuation 23 to 67dB per 1000 feet
 Crosstalk 32 to 51 dB at 1000 feet

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 28

RJ 45 Connectors for UTP

RJ45 Connector
RJ45 Socket

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 29

Crimping Tool

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 30

UTP Cabling

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 31

Straight Cable

 Use straight-through cables for the following

cabling:
 Switch to router
 Switch to PC or server
 Hub to PC or server

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 32

Connecting Different Devices

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 33

Straight-through Cable Pinout

RJ45 Pin # Color (both sides same)

Pin 1 White Orange
Pin 2 Orange
Pin 3 White Green
Pin 4 Blue
Pin 5 White Blue
Pin 6 Green
Pin 7 White Brown
Pin8 Brown
Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 34
Cross Over Cable

 Use crossover cables for the following

cabling:
 Switch to switch
 Switch to hub
 Hub to hub
 Router to router
 PC to PC
 Router to PC

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 35

Connecting Similar devices

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 36

Crossover Cable

RJ45 Pin # 1 end color 2nd end color

Pin 1 White Orange White Green
Pin 2 Orange Green
Pin 3 White Green White Orange
Pin 4 Blue Blue
Pin 5 White Blue White Blue
Pin 6 Green Orange
Pin 7 White Brown White Brown
Pin8 Brown Brown
Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 37
Bad Connector Vs Good Connector

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 38

Connecting to Console Port

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 39

Rollover Cable

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 40

Assignment # 1

 Use Windows DOS Command to perform the

following Tasks:
 1. Ping Host 192.168.0.1 using advanced Flags:
Dos Command "ping /?"

 2. Trace Route to www.uettaxila.edu.pk using

advanced Flags: Dos Command "tracert /?"

 3. Use NSLOOKUP Advanced Commands

Data Communication & Networks Lab 3 41