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Sound
Edexcel IGCSE Physics pages 118 to 125
Content applying to Triple Science only is shown in
red type on the next slide and is indicated on
subsequent slides by ‘TRIPLE ONLY’
wavelength
rarefaction
C
A B
cooler air
Facing a flat vertical surface (wall or cliff) at least 50m away one
person clashes two pieces of wood together. This person should try to
clap the pieces of wood in time with the echo they hear coming back
from the flat surface.
Every 5 second
difference
An observer, 3 miles equates to a
away, sees a distance of 1 mile
lightning flash about
15 seconds before
hearing thunder
Thunder and lightning question
A thunderclap is heard 12 seconds after a lightning
flash. Calculate the distance to the lightning flash.
Take the speed of sound = 340 m/s
Distance = 4.08 km
TRIPLE ONLY
Loudness
The loudness of a sound increases with the
amplitude of the sound wave.
quiet
loud
TRIPLE ONLY
Pitch
The pitch of a musical note increases with frequency.
Examples:
Concert pitch A = 440 Hz; Top C = 523 Hz
Quality or timbre
The quality or timbre of a musical note is what makes one
musical instrument sound different from another.
Question
The diagram opposite
shows the appearance of a
sound wave on an
oscilloscope. Draw a
second diagram showing
the appearance of a sound
wave of lower pitch but
greater loudness.
TRIPLE ONLY
Question
The distance between peaks on
an oscilloscope trace is 4cm. If 4 cm
the oscilloscope time scale is set
at 1ms/cm calculate the frequency
of the sound.
1ms/cm means that the trace
covers 1cm in one millisecond
(0.001s)
time period, T = 4cm x 1ms/cm
= 4ms (0.004s)
f=1/T
f = 1 / 0.004
frequency = 250Hz
Choose appropriate words to fill in the gaps below:
Sound is a ___________
longitudinal wave that in air consists of a series of
compressions and _____________.
rarefactions
A ____________
reflected sound wave is called an echo. Sound also
undergoes ___________.
refraction
WORD SELECTION:
rarefactions refraction vacuum 20 Hz solids
longitudinal reflected 20 000 Hz
Online Simulations
Sound - PhET - This simulation lets you see sound waves. Adjust the
frequency, volume, and harmonic content and you can see and hear how the
wave changes. Move the listener around and hear what she hears
Vend diagram quiz comparing light and sound waves - eChalk
Ultrasound scanning - Explore Science
Simple demonstration of longitudinal & transverse waves - Freezeway.com
Wave lab - shows simple transverse & longitudinal waves with reflection
causing a stationary wave - by eChalk
Wave Effects - PhET - Make waves with a dripping faucet, audio speaker, or
laser! Add a second source or a pair of slits to create an interference pattern.
Also shows diffraction.
Simple longitudinal wave - netfirms
Simple wave comparison - amplitude, wavelength - 7stones
Vend diagram quiz comparing light and sound waves - eChalk
BBC AQA GCSE Bitesize Revision:
What are waves
Amplitude, wavelength and frequency
Wave speed
TRIPLE ONLY
Sound Waves
Notes questions from pages 118 to 125