Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
By Muhammad Ikhlas
MSED – General Education
Background
Based on the Self-quiz “Your Emerging Theory/Philosophy of
Teaching and Learning”,
43
Beaviorism Theory
42
Cognitivism Theory
44
Humanistic Theory
D
D D
Combination
D
D
1.1 Theories: Behavioural
Primary Focus Major Theorists
– Observable behaviour – Thorndike
– Stimulus-response – Pavlov
connections – Watson
Assumptions – Skinner
– Learning is a result of
environmental forces Principles
Subcategories – Time/place pairings
– Contiguity – Biological basis of
– Respondent behaviour
(Classical) – Consequences
– Operant – Modelling
(Instrumental)
Behaviorism
The theory originates from the works of Ivan Pavlov’s, classical
conditioning, and B. F. Skinner’s, operant conditioning.
Critical Thinking
– How we apply our cognitive processes to evaluating
arguments (propositions) and making decisions
– Examples: Thinking to a standard. Critical Thinking Model
Cognitivism
Information Processing looks at how information is retrieved and
stored.
This theory focuses on how to store and retrieve information.
Learning is attained through rehearsal and consistent use of the
information.
Retention strategies such as breaking down information and
comparing the information to long term storage are great techniques.
Constructivism
Constructivism views learning as a process in which the learner
constructs knowledge based on their past experiences.
attitudes (affective) as a
colors. colors. colors.
result of experiences
(learning)
Thank You
For your attention