CMMI

Overview
 Underlying principle of Process Improvement

“The quality of a product is

determined by the quality
of the process that is used
to develop and maintain
it.”

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 What is CMMI?
• CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) is a proven
industry framework to improve product quality and
development efficiency for both hardware and software
– Sponsored by US Department of Defense in cooperation
with Carnegie Mellon University and the Software
Engineering Institute (SEI)
– Many other companies involved in CMMI definition such as
Motorola and Ericsson
– CMMI has been established as a model to improve
business results
• CMMI, staged, uses 5 levels to describe the maturity of the
organization.
– Vastly improved version of the CMM
– Emphasis on business needs, integration.

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 How can CMMI help?
• CMMI provides a way to focus and manage
hardware and software development from product
beginning through deployment and maintenance.
• CMMI is a process improvement model
• Initially a lot of investment required – but, if properly
managed, we will be more efficient and productive
while turning out products with consistently higher
quality.

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 CMMI Staged Representation - 5
Maturity Levels

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 CMMI Staged Representation - 5 Maturity Levels

Level 5 Process performance

continually improved through
incremental and innovative
Optimizing technological improvements.
Level 4
Processes are controlled using
Quantitatively
statistical and other quantitative
Managed
techniques.
Level 3
Processes are well characterized and
understood. Processes, standards,
Defined
procedures, tools, etc. are defined at the
Level 2 organizational level. Proactive.

Managed Processes are planned, documented, performed,

monitored, and controlled at the project level.
Level 1

Initial Processes are irregular, poorly controlled

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 Maturity Level 1
Initial
• Maturity Level 1 deals with performed processes.
• Processes are irregular, poorly controlled, ad hoc and chaotic
• The organization usually does not provide a stable environment.
• Success in these organizations depends on the competence and
heroics of the people in the organization and not on the use of
proven processes.

• The process performance may not be stable and may not meet
specific objectives such as quality, cost, and schedule, but useful
work can be done.

• Maturity level 1 organizations are characterized by a tendency to

over commit, abandon processes in the time of crisis, and not be
able to repeat their past successes.
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 Maturity Level 2
Managed at the Project Level

• Maturity Level 2 deals with managed processes.

• A managed process is a performed process that is also:
– Planned and executed in accordance with policy
– Employs skilled people
– Adequate resources are available
– Controlled outputs are produced
– Stakeholders are involved
– The process is reviewed and evaluated for requirements
• Processes are planned, documented, performed, monitored,
and controlled at the project level.
• The managed process comes closer to achieving the specific
objectives such as quality, cost, and schedule.
• The work products and services satisfy their specified
requirements, standards, and objectives.
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 Maturity Level 3
Defined at the Organization Level

• Maturity Level 3 deals with defined processes.

• At maturity level 3, processes are well characterized and
understood, and are described in standards, procedures, tools,
and methods.
• A defined process is a managed process that:
– Well defined, understood, deployed and executed across the
entire organization.
– Processes, standards, procedures, tools, etc. are defined at
the organizational level.

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 Maturity Level 4
Quantitatively Managed
• At maturity level 4 Subprocesses are selected that
significantly contribute to overall process
performance.
• These selected subprocesses are controlled using
statistical and other quantitative techniques.
– Quality and process performance are understood in
statistical terms and are managed throughout the life of the
processes.

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 Maturity Level 5
Optimizing
• Maturity level 5 focuses on continually improving
process performance through both incremental and
innovative technological improvements.
• Both the defined processes and the organization's
set of standard processes are targets of measurable
improvement activities.

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 Behaviors at the Five Levels
Maturity Level Process Characteristics Behaviors

Focus on "fire prevention";

Focus is on continuous improvement anticipated and
Optimizing quantitative improvement desired, and impacts assessed.

Quantitatively Process is measured Greater sense of teamwork and inter-

and controlled dependencies
Managed

Process is characterized Reliance on defined process.

Defined for the organization and People understand, support and
is proactive follow the process.

Process is characterized Over reliance on experience of good

Managed for projects and is often people – when they go, the process
reactive goes. “Irresponsibility.”

Process is unpredictable, Focus on "fire fighting";

Initial poorly controlled, and effectiveness low – frustration high.
reactive

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 CMMI Components
• Within each of the 5 Maturity Levels, there are
basic functions that need to be performed – these
are called Process Areas (PAs).
• For Maturity Level 2 there are 7 Process Areas that
must be completely satisfied.
• For Maturity Level 3 there are 11 Process Areas
that must be completely satisfied.
• Within each PA there are Goals to be achieved
and within each Goal there are Practices, work
products, etc. to be followed that will support each
of the Goals.

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 Maturity Levels and Process Areas

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 Maturity Levels and Process Areas

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