Dissertation Presentation on

Online Railway Reservation System

Submitted to
Amity University Jharkhand

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

award of the degree of Master in Computer Application
 Presentation
on
“Online Railway Reservation System”

By
Pushpesh Kumar
Enrollment Number: A35400716012
Under the guidance of
Dr. Soni Sweta

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATION

Amity Institute of Information Technology
AMITY UNIVERSITY JHARKHAND
Ranchi
May 2019
 INTRODUCTION

In this emerging world of computers, almost all-

manual system has switched to automated and
computerized system. Therefore, we are
developing the software for “Online Railway
Reservation System” to model the present system
and to remove the drawbacks of the present
system. This project explores how computer
technology can be used to solve the problem of
user.
This project introduces railway reservation
system. It explains how reservation is being done
in Indian Railways. The systematic procedure is
explained. This project is developed in Java
language.
• ONLINE BOOKING: With the help of this people can book their tickets online
through internet, sitting in their home by a single click of mouse. Using their credit
cards people can easily get their tickets done within minutes. There are certain
charges for online booking as well.

• COUNTER BOOKING: This is the oldest method of booking the tickets. The
reservation counters are there at railway department from where people can get the
tickets to their respective destinations.
 PROBLEM DEFINITION

• Railway passengers frequently need to know about their ticket reservation status,
ticket availability on a particular train or for a place,train arrival or departure
details, special trains etc.. Customer information centers at the railway stations are
unable to serve such queries at peak periods.

• The number of the reservation counters available to the passengers and customers
are very less.

• On most of the reservation systems there are long queues, so it takes a long time for
any individual to book the ticket.

• As now there are no call centers facilities available to solve the queries of the
passengers.
 ANALYSIS

1. In Online Railway Reservation System,for booking the tickets online the

intended user has to enter details like username and password.

2. Once the username and passwords are verified then he is allowed to enter the
main system wherein he can select the destination, date and no of tickets.

3. For the purchase of the tickets he is asked for payment details (like credit card
details etc).

4. The user is also provided with a provision of canceling the reservation where
in the entire amount is credited back to his account.
The analysis part also comprises of the UML diagrams that boost the program.
SPIRAL MODEL DIAGRAM
 THE SPIRAL MODEL

•The spiral model, originally proposed by Boehm [BOE88], is an evolutionary

software process model that couples the iterative nature of prototyping with the
controlled and systematic aspects of the linear sequential model.

•It provides the potential for rapid development of incremental versions of the
software. Using the spiral model, software is developed in a series of incremental
releases.

•During early iterations, the incremental release might be a paper model or

prototype. During later iterations, increasingly more complete versions of the
engineered system are produced.

•A spiral model is divided into a number of framework activities, also called task
regions. Typically, there are between three and six task regions.
 Figure depicts a spiral model that contains six task regions:

• Customer communication—tasks required to establish effective communication

between developer and customer.

• Planning—tasks required to define resources, timelines, and other project related

information.

• Risk analysis—tasks required to assess both technical and management

risks.

• Engineering—tasks required to build one or more representations of the

application.

• Construction and release—tasks required to construct, test, install, and

provide user support (e.g., documentation and training).

• Customer evaluation—tasks required to obtain customer feedback based

on evaluation of the software representations created during the engineering
stage and implemented during the installation stage.
 USE OF SPIRAL MODEL

•A spiral model is divided into a set of framework activities defined by

software engineering terms.

•As the evolutionary process begins, software team performs activities that are
implied by a circuit around the spiral in a clockwise direction, beginning at the
center.

•The first circuit around the spiral might result in the development of a product
specification; subsequent passes around the spiral might be used to develop a
prototype and then progressively more sophisticated versions of software.

•Unlike other process models that end when software is delivered, the spiral
model can be adapted to apply throughout the life of the computer software.
 USE OF SPIRAL MODEL

•Every new step is dependent on the previous step and moves spirally outwards.

•At any point in the system we can return back to the previous step.

•Because software evolves as the process progresses, both we and customers can
better understand and react to the risks at evolutionary level.

•In the case of errors we can easily trace the root cause of errors.

•Spiral model is very realistic approach towards the process development.

 USE CASE DIAGRAM

Enter user id and password

verify password and user id

system

Make a reservation
user

Verify payments

Update reservations

cancellation of reservation administrator

 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

User System Administrator

Log in

{verify user}
Secure communication

Enter date {verify date}

Request confirmation
Enter desired destination

Choose desired express

Enter the no of tickets

Request confirmation {verify funds}

Confirm purchase
Place order
{execute order}
 STATE TRANSITION DIAGRAM

Enter user id and password

invalid

Make reservation

Confirm reservation

For cancellation
Cancellation of reservation Make payments

exit
 TESTING

• Software testing is a critical element of software quality assurance and

represents the ultimate review of specification, design, and code generation.

• The types of the testing are as follows:

1. Unit testing

2. System testing

3. Validation testing and etc etc.

But however due to the time constraint we could not perform various types of
testing. Hence we just applied alpha testing which is a part of validation test to
our project.
 CONCLUSIONS

•Our project is only the gist of the online reservation system.

•Due to time constraints it was not possible to incorporate all the concepts
related to the topic.
•So the program created is just an instance of the Original Online Railway
Reservation System.
 LIMITATIONS

Our project meets the following limitations:

1)The software is not able to reserve tickets for more than 6 people at a time per
train.

2)The fare allotted for every reservation is independent of Kilometres travelled

instead it is set for every mode (AC, Non-AC or General) of each train.

3)The software is made such to carry out reservation in max 5 trains.

4)The software does not support multi-day reservation system, i.e., the
reservations cannot be done in advance rather it is carried out for single day.

5)The software does not provide concession in fare rates for children, aged
people, armament etc. i.e., the fare identical for all people.

6)The software does not take into consideration the stations falling in between the
source and destination station.
 SCOPE

If anyone wants to extend this project then he/she can make an additional
database of Train Fare. And database for updated availability of seats which is
available after the cancellation of ticket on that specific train etc. He/she can also
add some more command buttons in the existing software and extend working of
the existing software.

Implementations of this project idea are in industrial use. Hence, this can be used
for suggesting improvements in design, performance and greater usability. Apart
from the industrial applications, it is a research-oriented project as well, the task
of performance evaluation of different database designs, for efficiency, is in this
spirit.
 REFERENCES:

1.Golub GH, LeVeque RJ (1979). “Extensions and Uses of the Variable Projection
Algorithm for Solving Nonlinear Least Squares Problems.” In Proceedings of the
1979 Army Numerical Analysis and Computers Conference, volume ARO Report
79-3, pp. 1–12.

2.Briand LC, Daly JW, Wüust JK (1999) A unified framework for coupling
measurement in objectoriented systems. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 25(1):91–121

3.Hautus E (2002) Improving Java software through package structure analysis. In:
The 6th IASTED International Conference Software Engineering and Applications
Jungmayr S (2002) Identifying test-critical dependencies. In: ICSM, pp 404–413.

Book Used

1.BMC Library (Documentation)

2.Core and Advanced Java ( Dreamtech Press)

3.The Complete Java (Schildt Herbert)