THREE WIRE

METHOD
SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
Mr. ROBIN KHANDELWAL DIPANJAN PAL
DEPARTMENT:-M.E ROLL NO:-5ME22
PRESENTATTION OVERVIEW
1.INTRODUCTION TO SCREW THREAD
2.EFFECTIVE/PITCH DIAMETER
3.METHODS USED TO MEASURE PITCH DIAMETER
4.WHY THREE WIRE METHOD IS CONSIDERED AS MORE ACCURATE?
5.PROCEDURE
6.FORMULA USED
7.ARRANGEMENT TO FACILITATE THE EXPERIMENT
8.BEST WIRE SIZE
DEFINTION OF SCREW THREAD:-
A screw thread is the helical ridge produced by forming a continuous helical
groove of uniform section on the external or internal surface of a cylinder or a
cone.

A screw thread formed on a cylinder is known as straight or parallel screw thread,

while the one formed on a cone is known as tapered threads.
EFFECTIVE DIAMETER: It is the diameter of an imaginary cylinder
coaxial with the axis of the thread and intersects the flanks of the thread such that width
of the threads & width of spaces between threads are equal.

EXTERNAL THREAD TERMINOLOGY

Pitch
Crest

Pitch Flank Addendum

line
Flank
Thread angle
Angle Dedendum
Axial thickness

Root

Axis of thread

Pitch
Major dia Minor dia
dia
 MEASUREMENT OF EFFECTIVE
DIAMETER

Effective diameter measurement is carried

out by following methods.

1. Two wires method

2.Three wires method.
3.Micrometer method.
WHAT IS THREE WIRE METHOD?
 It is considered as the more accurate method to measure the pitch diameter of an external
thread by the help of three wires of equal and precise diameter.

E M
Dia 'd'
P


A
h B C
H 

D E

M
E
Why three wire method is more accurate?
In case of two wire method the plane containing the wires is not exactly
perpendicular to the axis of thread , it is inclined at a small angle which results
a small error in measuring the M.
But in three wire method one wire is placed in the groove of one side of the
thread and other two are placed in the grooves of opposite direction . Due to
this the anvil faces remain parallel to each other , so the error becomes less.

E M M
PROCEDURE:-
1. In this method three wires of equal and precise diameter are placed in the groves at
opposite sides of the screw.
2. In this one wire on one side and two on the other side are used. The wires either may
held in hand or hung from a stand.
3.Now from the figure ,M=diameter over the wires
E=effective diameter (to be measured).
h=distance of wire center above the pitch line
H=depth of thread
d=diameter of the wires
r=radius of the wires
P=pitch
=angle of thread
4.By using micrometer we can easily measure the value of M.
  p

A
h B C
H 

D E

M
E

Formula used:-
By using geometry and from the above figure we get the formula
M=E+2h+2r
If we know the values of M , h and r then we can easily find out the value of
effective diameter.
   d cosec 
From the triangl e ABD , AD  AB cosec
2 2 2
H  DEcot
  P cot  and CD 
H

P
cot

2 2 2 2 4 2

Further h  ( AD  CD)   cosec   cot 
d P 
2 2  4 2
Distance over the wires, M  E  2h  2r
i.e. M  E  2rcosec   P cot    2r  E  2r 1 cosec    P cot 
   
 2 4 2   2  2 2

Or M  E  d  cosec   cot
P 
1 
 2  2 2
 For Whitworth thread,   55o , depth of thread  0.64P
 
E  D - 0.64P, cosec  2.1657, and cot  1.921
2 2
M  D  3.1657d 1.605P where D is the major diameter of the thread.
For Metric threads, Depth of thread  0.6495P
 
E  D  0.6495P,   60o , cos ec  2, cot  1.732
2 2
M  D  3d 1.5155P
We can measure the value of M practically & then
compare with the theoretical valuesusing formulae derived above.
After finding the correct value of M, asd is known, E can be found out.
Arrangement to facilitate the process:-
Actually in three wire methods we have to use three wires at a time . So , it is very difficult to hold
the three wires at a time . That’s why wires of proper diameter with the suitable cages are used or
we can use the floating carriage micrometer.

FLOATING CARRIAGE MICROMETER

We can also carryout the process by using simple micrometer too. How to perform is as
follows………
Note:- The best size wire is the one which makes contact at the pitch line or
effective diameter of the screw thread.
 P 
From the diagram given below we get  D b  2P sec  sec
4 2 2 2
P/4


Pitch line
B A




P/2

BEST SIZE OF WIRE