09.

Re-Layout Gudang & Kodefikasi

TIM
Logistik Bisnis
Manajemen Pergudangan
 STRATEGY LOCATION

Totality profit.
Location

Fixed Cost Variabel

Cost
Transportation Cost - 25 %. From product price.
A Tax
Salary
Raw Material
And Rent
 STRATEGY LOCATION

What Strategy which gone through ?

Goal:
For Location Industry ……..Minimize Cost

Maximize
For location business retail and service
profit
……..maximize revenue From position
location
For location warehouse can considered as
combination cost and delivery speed

Manajemen Pergudangan
 STRATEGY LOCATION

Decision Location relative rare was done by

company ?.............Why

1. Demand have exceeded factory capacities.

2. Change of labour productivity
3. Foreign valuta rate, cost, Society attitude etc.

Consideration of Choices Location !

1. Not move, but extending existing facility

2. Maintain existing location but can add other facility in different location.
3. Closing existing location and move to other location.

Manajemen Pergudangan
 DICISION MAKING FACTOR

Choosing complicated location with existence

of workplace globalization, happened because growth :

1. Market Economy

2. Better International communications

3. Transport (land, air and sea) Increasingly can be believed

4. Difference of high labour cost.

Manajemen Pergudangan
 DICISION MAKING FACTOR

Besides globalization still there are some factors

influencing location.
 Labour Productivity
 Foreign Valuta
 Cost
 Attitude
 Trade Union
 Pollution.
 A Tax
 Zone Appointment

Manajemen Pergudangan
 JUSTIFICATION
DICISION MAKING FACTOR

Keputusan Negara • Peraturan, sikap, stabilitas dan rangsangan pemerintah.

• Isu – isu budaya dan ekonomi.
• Lokasi pasar.
• Ketersediaan tenaga kerja,sikap,biaya dan produktifitas.
• Ketersediaan pasokan,komunikasi dan energi.
• Tingkat kurs valas.

Keputusan negara / • Peraturanlingkungan hidup daerah dan nasional.

masyarakat • Jarak relatif antara bahan baku dg konsumen.
• Biaya dan ketersediaan utilities.
• Biaya tanah dan bangunan fasilitas.
• Ketersediaan tenaga kerja,sikap,biaya dan produktifitas.
• Segi segi menarik dari wilayah itu.
• Rangsangan pemerintah

Keputusan Lokasi
• ukuran dan biaya lokasi.
• sistem transportasi udara,kereta, laut dan darat.
• pembatasan penetapan Zone.
• isu isu dampak lingkungan.
• dekat tidak jasa/pasokan yg dibutuhkan.
 PRINCIPLE LOCATION CHOICE.

 Determining warehouse location seen very simple,

but basically require to consider some matters
maturely
 Step by step process location choice, measure and
warehouses amount done through three step, that is:
1. Macro Analysis
2. Micro Analysis
3. Spesific Site Selection

Manajemen Pergudangan
PRINCIPLE LOCATION CHOICE.

LOCATION WAREHOUSE

Spesific
Macro Micro
Site Selection
Analysis Analysis
 Macro Analysis :Analysis done to factors which
related with determination of location in a region or
state which relative wide with to calculate factor
distribution network in wide scale.
 Micro Analysis :After to analyse macro level, then
level micro done analyse area scope selected which
have chosen level macro .
 Spesific Site Selection :To be based on micro
analysis result, done more specific selection in place
which have been selected, related with technical
factors building and economics

Manajemen Pergudangan
 MACRO ANALYSIS

DEFINE OBJECTIVE

DEFINE TRADE OFF COMPONENTS

COLLECT DATA DEVELOP DECISION CRITERIA

IDENTIFY OPTIMAL NUMBER OF FACILITIES

IDENTIFY OPTIMAL LOCATIES

EVALUATE ALTERNATIVE SCENARIOS

MICRO ANALYSIS

Manajemen Pergudangan
  Macro Analysis process started with determination of
location choice, based on economic aspects and activity
product distribution in period to coming so that existed
agreement between chosen location with a purpose to
location choice.

 Trade Off is done with considered some variables that is:

warehousing cost
inventory cost
customer service
transportation cost

 And at the time which same must be done data collecting,

so that decision making of location choice can
immediately done

Manajemen Pergudangan
  With considered cost, attempted so that move
transportation minimum possible cost which
removed small
 warehouse location must near with user of goods,
(factory and customer) which need product.
 possibility for the extension of warehouse to be
woke up on the chance in time came company will
increasingly expand

Manajemen Pergudangan
 Identifying the amount requirement warehouse of
optimum, with considered: -. Estimate volume and
request location
-. Volume production
-. Network distribution product
 To be based on chosen alternatives, be done
evaluate alternative.
 Result of alternative evaluation will become
materials in micro analysis.

Manajemen Pergudangan
 MICRO ANALYSIS

RESULT OF MACRO ANALYSIS

POTENTIAL FACILITY LOCATION

COLLECT INFORMATION : Labor,

Tax. Locations, Business Activities,
Utilities, Competitors, Support Services

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

LOCATION SELECTIONS

Manajemen Pergudangan
  To be based on evaluation result macro analysis
done assessment to potential location facilities,
with beforehand done data collecting and
information concerning facilities and basic
facilities ( labour, a tax, activity business, electrics,
water, telephone, competitor, and other supporter
service).
 Then is done analyse comparison between chosen
alternatives, to used as base at spesific site
selection.

Manajemen Pergudangan
  Infrastructure
 Support Facility
 Skill power
 Disaster and safety
 Climate
 Usually kept goods will quicker destroy by
situation of heat or damp
 In general difficulty which often was met because
of : dampness, rainwater,sun heat and insect

Manajemen Pergudangan
 SPESIFIC SITE SELECTION

RESULT OF MICRO ANALYSIS

DEFINE REQUIREMENT DEFINE DECISION CRITERIA

SITE EVALUATION

EXISTING FACILITIES CONSTRUCTION SITES

SITE SELECTION

Manajemen Pergudangan
 At this phase is done evaluate to choices alternative
criterion warehouse, well by existing facilities (if
there) and building construction. To produce a
decision of selection of building from warehouse of
needed

Manajemen Pergudangan
 METHOD CHOICE LOCATION OF
WAREHOUSE.
BEP

Gravitasi
A C Transportasi

Concept

Simulasi E D Point Rating

Manajemen Pergudangan
 METHOD GRAVITATION.

 Min cost transportation

 Other factor constant ( same )
 To Use Coordinat Cartesius

Manajemen Pergudangan
 FORMULA METHOD GRAVITATION.

J  Ti.Bi.Ji
Ti.Bi
Dimana :
Ti = Biaya transportasi dari titik i ke lokasi
(Rp/satuan/km)
Bi = Berat yang diangkut ke/dari lokasi i
Ji = Koordinat dari titik i
 CONTOH

DATA PASAR:
 A = 10 ton ; 5000/ton/km
 B = 2 ton ; 8000/ton/km
 C = 8 ton ; 4000/ton/km

KOORDINAT
 A (13,22) ; B (95,84) ; C (118,41)

Manajemen Pergudangan
 (5 x10 x13)  (8 x 2 x95)  (4 x8 x118)
Jx   91,3KM
(5 x10)  (8 x 2)  (4 x8)
(5 x10 x 22)  (8 x 2 x84)  (4 x8 x 41)
Jy   38,3KM
(5 x10)  (8 x 2)  (4 x8)
 ANALYSIS BREAK EVEN POINT
LOCATION.
Analysis Location break even point is usage of dot analysis costs
volume produce to make a economic comparison to location
alternatives. With identified variable cost and fixed cost and also
make graph expense both of this to each location.

Three phase in break even point analysis is :

1. Determining fixed cost and variable cost to each location.
2. Plot expense to each location, with expense at vertical line and
annual production volume at horizontal line.
3. Choose location which the was expense of lowest, to each
wanted production volume.

Manajemen Pergudangan
 METHOD BEP

 Other factor constant ( same )

 Fix Cost and Variable Cost different

B
Total Cost Location A = Total Cost Location B

FA + Q. VA = FB + Q. VB

Q ( FA  FB )
(VB  VA )
 METODA TRANSPORTASI

Manajemen Pergudangan
 METODA POINT RATING

 Integrate factor tangible and factor intangible

 Using approach qualitative and quantitative.

Manajemen Pergudangan
 PROSEDUR POINT RATING

 Identify relevant factor.

 Determining wight each factor.
 Determining factor rating in each location.
 Calculate score wight in each location to each factor.
 Amount Wights score in each location.
 Choose location owning highest wight.

Manajemen Pergudangan
 Exam Sample

Gudang nestle akan mengembangkan gudangnya di sekitar bandung.

Tempat lokasi sudah ditentukan diantaranya Disoreang dan
lembang. Adapun berkas pemeringaktan faktor dan daftar faktor –2
kualitalif yg diputuskan oleh manajemen dispenda seperti pada tabel
dibawah
Tabel : Bobot, Skor dan pemecahannya
Skor penuh skala : 100 poin Skor Tertimbang
Faktor Bo Sore Lem Soreang Lembang
bot ang bang
Ketersediaan tng kerja
Dan sikap mereka. 0.25 70 60 0.25.70=17.5 0.25.60=15.0
Rasio orang thdp mobil. 0.05 50 60 0.05.50=12.5 0.05.60=3.0
Pendapatan perkapita.
0.10 85 80 0.1.85=8.5 0.1.80=8.0
Struktur pajak.
0.39 75 70 0.39.75=29.3 0.39.70=27.3
Pendidikan dan
kesehatan 0.21 60 70 0.21.60=12.6 0.21.70=14.7
Total ……………………… 1.00 70.4 68.0
Contoh : tabel faktor yg mempengaruhi pemilihan lokasi

• Biaya tenaga kerja ( termasuk upah, pembentukan serikat pekerja,

produktivitas ).
• Ketersediaan tenaga kerja ( termasuk umur,sikap,distribusi, keahlian ).
• Jarak lokasi dengan pabrik.
• Jarak lokasi dengan pasar.
• Kebijakan fiskal pemerintah negara bagian dan lokal
( termasuk rangsangan pemerintah, pajak, kopensasi penganguran ).
• Peraturan lingkungan hidup.
• Peralatan dan keperluan bahan bakar, listrik, air dan sebagainya.
• Biaya lokasi ( termasuk tanah,ekspansi, parkir pengeringan dlsb ).
• Ketersediaan transportasi ( darat laut dan udara ).
• Isu kualitas hidup dimasyarakat ( mulai dari pendidikan, perumahan,
transportasi, hiburan dan keagamaan ).
• Kurs valas ( termasuk tingkat kurs , stabilitas dlsb ).
• Kualitas pemerintah ( termasuk kejujuran sikap dan metal
pemerintah dlsb )
Manajemen Pergudangan
 CONTOH

BANTEN BANDUNG SURABAYA

FAKTOR BOBOT RAT. SKOR BOB. SKOR RAT. SKOR BOB. SKOR RAT. SKOR BOB. SKOR

O.Prod 0.33 50 16.5 40 13.2 35 11.35

B. Baku 0.25 70 17.5 80 20 75 18.75

T. Kerja 0.2 55 11 70 14 60 12

B. Hidup 0.05 80 4 70 3.5 40 2

Lingkungan 0.02 60 1.2 60 1.2 60 1.2

Pasar 0.15 80 12 90 13.5 85 12.75

1 62.6 65.4 55.25

 Produktifitas Tenaga Kerja

Contoh : Biaya tenaga kerja /hari = biaya per unit

Produktivitas ( unit per hari )

Kasus 1: Gudang di kota A

$ 70 biaya upah per hari

= $ 1.17 per unit
60 unit produksi per hari

Kasus 2: Gudang di kota B

$ 25 biaya upah per hari

= $ 1.25 per unit
20unit produksi per hari
TERIMA KASIH