Combining transformations

An object need not be subjected to just one type of transformation. It can undergo a
succession of different transformations.

It is convenient to denote transformations by the symbols previously introduced.

i.e.

Symbol Transformation
I Identity transformation
Q Rotation of 90 anticlockwise about the origin. (A quarter turn)
H Rotation of 1800 about the origin. (A half turn)
T Rotation of 270 anticlockwise about the origin. (A three-quarter turn)
X Reflection in the x-axis
Y Reflection in the y-axis
U Reflection in the line y = x
V Reflection in the line y = –x
 Example
Q denotes “rotation of 90 anticlockwise about O” and
X denotes “reflection in the x-axis”
y

1
1

1 0 1 x

1
 Example
Q denotes “rotation of 90 anticlockwise about O” and
X denotes “reflection in the x-axis”
y

1
1

1 0 1 x

1

Suppose we rotate 1 through 90 anticlockwise about O. We denote this by Q(1)

So we can write 2 = Q(1).
 Example
Q denotes “rotation of 90 anticlockwise about O” and
X denotes “reflection in the x-axis”
y

1
2 1

1 0 1 x

1

Suppose we rotate 1 through 90 anticlockwise about O. We denote this by Q(1)

So we can write 2 = Q(1).
 Example
Q denotes “rotation of 90 anticlockwise about O” and
X denotes “reflection in the x-axis”
y

1
2 1

1 0 1 x

1

Suppose we rotate 1 through 90 anticlockwise about O. We denote this by Q(1)

So we can write 2 = Q(1).
We now reflect 2 in the x-axis. We denote this by X(2).
So we can write 3 = X(2).
 Example
Q denotes “rotation of 90 anticlockwise about O” and
X denotes “reflection in the x-axis”
y

1
2 1

1 0 1 x
3
1

Suppose we rotate 1 through 90 anticlockwise about O. We denote this by Q(1)

So we can write 2 = Q(1).
We now reflect 2 in the x-axis. We denote this by X(2).
So we can write 3 = X(2).
 Example
Q denotes “rotation of 90 anticlockwise about O” and
X denotes “reflection in the x-axis”
y

1
2 1

1 0 1 x
3
1

Suppose we rotate 1 through 90 anticlockwise about O. We denote this by Q(1)

So we can write 2 = Q(1).
We now reflect 2 in the x-axis. We denote this by X(2).
So we can write 3 = X(2).
The effect of going from 1 to 3 in the x-axis can be denoted by XQ(1)
 Example
Q denotes “rotation of 90 anticlockwise about O” and
X denotes “reflection in the x-axis”
y

1
2 1

1 0 1 x
3
1

Suppose we rotate 1 through 90 anticlockwise about O. We denote this by Q(1)

So we can write 2 = Q(1).
We now reflect 2 in the x-axis. We denote this by X(2).
So we can write 3 = X(2).
The effect of going from 1 to 3 in the x-axis can be denoted by XQ(1)
But this is the same as reflecting 1 in the line y = –x and so V(1) = XQ(1).
So we can say V = XQ.
Example (1)
Triangle 1 maps onto triangle 2 after a reflection in the x-axis.
2 is then mapped onto 3 after a reflection in the y-axis.
What single transformation maps triangle 1 onto triangle 3?

1
1

1 0 1 x

1
Example (1)
Triangle 1 maps onto triangle 2 after a reflection in the x-axis.
2 is then mapped onto 3 after a reflection in the y-axis.
What single transformation maps triangle 1 onto triangle 3?

y y

1 1
1

1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x

2
1 1

reflection in the x-axis

X
Example (1)
Triangle 1 maps onto triangle 2 after a reflection in the x-axis.
2 is then mapped onto 3 after a reflection in the y-axis.
What single transformation maps triangle 1 onto triangle 3?

y y y

1 1 1
1

1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x

2 3
1 1 1

reflection in the x-axis reflection in the y-axis

X Y
Example (1)
Triangle 1 maps onto triangle 2 after a reflection in the x-axis.
2 is then mapped onto 3 after a reflection in the y-axis.
What single transformation maps triangle 1 onto triangle 3?

y y y

1 1 1
1 1

1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x

2 3
1 1 1

reflection in the x-axis reflection in the y-axis

X Y
Example (1)
Triangle 1 maps onto triangle 2 after a reflection in the x-axis.
2 is then mapped onto 3 after a reflection in the y-axis.
What single transformation maps triangle 1 onto triangle 3?

y y y

1 1 1
1 1

1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x

2 3
1 1 1

reflection in the x-axis reflection in the y-axis

X Y
Rotation of 180 about O.
H = YX
H
Example (2)
Triangle 1 maps onto triangle 2 after a rotation of 90 clockwise about O.
2 is then mapped onto 3 after a reflection in the x-axis.
What single transformation maps triangle 1 onto triangle 3?

1
1

1 0 1 x

1
Example (2)
Triangle 1 maps onto triangle 2 after a rotation of 90 clockwise about O.
2 is then mapped onto 3 after a reflection in the x-axis.
What single transformation maps triangle 1 onto triangle 3?

y y

1 1
1

1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x

2
1 1

rotation of 90 clockwise about O

T
Example (2)
Triangle 1 maps onto triangle 2 after a rotation of 90 clockwise about O.
2 is then mapped onto 3 after a reflection in the x-axis.
What single transformation maps triangle 1 onto triangle 3?

y y y

1 1 1
1 3

1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x

2
1 1 1

rotation of 90 clockwise about O reflection in the x-axis

T X
Example (2)
Triangle 1 maps onto triangle 2 after a rotation of 90 clockwise about O.
2 is then mapped onto 3 after a reflection in the x-axis.
What single transformation maps triangle 1 onto triangle 3?

y y y

1 1 1
1 3

1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x

2
1 1 1

rotation of 90 clockwise about O reflection in the x-axis

T X
Example (2)
Triangle 1 maps onto triangle 2 after a rotation of 90 clockwise about O.
2 is then mapped onto 3 after a reflection in the x-axis.
What single transformation maps triangle 1 onto triangle 3?

y y y

1 1 1
1 3

1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x

2
1 1 1

rotation of 90 clockwise about O reflection in the x-axis

T X
Reflection in the line y = x
U = XT
U
Example (3)
Triangle 1 maps onto triangle 2 after a reflection in the x-axis.
2 is then mapped onto 3 after a rotation of 90 clockwise about O..
What single transformation maps triangle 1 onto triangle 3?

1
1

1 0 1 x

1
Example (3)
Triangle 1 maps onto triangle 2 after a reflection in the x-axis.
2 is then mapped onto 3 after a rotation of 90 clockwise about O..
What single transformation maps triangle 1 onto triangle 3?

y y

1 1
1

1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x

2
1 1

reflection in the x-axis

X
Example (3)
Triangle 1 maps onto triangle 2 after a reflection in the x-axis.
2 is then mapped onto 3 after a rotation of 90 clockwise about O..
What single transformation maps triangle 1 onto triangle 3?

y y y

1 1 1
1

1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x

2 3
1 1 1

reflection in the x-axis rotation of 90 clockwise about O

X T
Example (3)
Triangle 1 maps onto triangle 2 after a reflection in the x-axis.
2 is then mapped onto 3 after a rotation of 90 clockwise about O..
What single transformation maps triangle 1 onto triangle 3?

y y y

1 1 1
1

1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x

2 3
1 1 1

reflection in the x-axis rotation of 90 clockwise about O

X T
Example (3)
Triangle 1 maps onto triangle 2 after a reflection in the x-axis.
2 is then mapped onto 3 after a rotation of 90 clockwise about O..
What single transformation maps triangle 1 onto triangle 3?

y y y

1 1 1
1

1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x

2 3
1 1 1

reflection in the x-axis rotation of 90 clockwise about O

X T
Reflection in the line y = –x
V = TX
V
Example (4)
Triangle 1 maps onto triangle 2 after a reflection in the line y = –x.
2 is then mapped onto 3 after a rotation of 180 about O.
What single transformation maps triangle 1 onto triangle 3?

1
1

1 0 1 x

1
Example (4)
Triangle 1 maps onto triangle 2 after a reflection in the line y = –x.
2 is then mapped onto 3 after a rotation of 180 about O.
What single transformation maps triangle 1 onto triangle 3?

y y

1 1
1

1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x

2
1 1

reflection in the line y = –x

V
Example (4)
Triangle 1 maps onto triangle 2 after a reflection in the line y = –x.
2 is then mapped onto 3 after a rotation of 180 about O.
What single transformation maps triangle 1 onto triangle 3?

y y y

1 1 1
1 3

1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x

2
1 1 1

reflection in the line y = –x rotation of 180 about O

V H
Example (4)
Triangle 1 maps onto triangle 2 after a reflection in the line y = –x.
2 is then mapped onto 3 after a rotation of 180 about O.
What single transformation maps triangle 1 onto triangle 3?

y y y

1 1 1
1 3

1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x

2
1 1 1

reflection in the line y = –x rotation of 180 about O

V H
Example (4)
Triangle 1 maps onto triangle 2 after a reflection in the line y = –x.
2 is then mapped onto 3 after a rotation of 180 about O.
What single transformation maps triangle 1 onto triangle 3?

y y y

1 1 1
1 3

1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x 1 0 1 x

2
1 1 1

reflection in the line y = –x rotation of 180 about O

V H
Reflection in the line y = x U = HV
U
 V = XQ
We now have the following results: H = YX
U = XT
V = TX
U = HV
We can enter these results in a table:

I Q H T X Y U V
I
Q
H U
T V
X V U
Y H
U
V
 V = XQ
We now have the following results: H = YX
U = XT
V = TX
U = HV
We can enter these results in a table:

I Q H T X Y U V
I
Q
H U
T V
X V U
Y H
U
V

TASK: Copy and complete the table.