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Motors/ Generators
Topics to Cover: Motors Topics to Cover: Generators
Sec 9.1 Introduction to DC Motors
Sec 9.2 The Equivalent circuit of a DC Sec 9.1 Introduction to DC Generator
Motor Sec: 9.12 Separately Excited DC G/R
Sec 9.3 The Magnetization Curve of a Sections 9.13 The Shunt DC Generator
DC Machine
Sections 9.14 The Series DC
Sec: 9.4 Separately Excited and Shunt Generator
Excited DC Motor Sections 9.15 The Cumulative
Speed Control of Shunt DC Motor Compound DC Generator
Sec 9.6 The Series DC Motor
Sec 9.7 The Compound DC Motor
Sec 9.10 DC Motor Efficiency
Calculations NOTE: Some topics are covered in
NOTE: Some topics are covered in slides and some on whiteboard in
slides and some on whiteboard in class, do the remaining by yourself
class, do the remaining by yourself form book as they are similar.
form book as they are similar.
Classification of Generators
Motors
Single Three
Phase Phase Shunt Series Compound
Split Phase
Capacitor Squirrel
Wound
Shaded Pole Cage
DC Motor/ Generator
Assume the Motors are run Assume the Generators are are
from a constant source run from a constant Speed
(VT), unless voltage change source called Prime Mover,
is specified unless speed change is specified
Motor Generator
IF IA= IL Separately IF IA= IL
+ +
& +
RA
VT RA
VT L
- EA - shunt - EA
T=KIA
IA= IL=IF
IA= IL=IF VT RA
- ind
RA
+ K (K) 2 RA
VT RL
VT EA
EA -
VT = E A ± I A (R A + R S )
Tm EA
T=KIA (IF=IA) T K' I2A EA=K Drop due to:
IA(RA+RS) &
High starting
Never startedtorque
wthout load P=T
WHY ? Armature reaction AR)
T K' I2A
VT 1 R A R s
-
start ind
I =I =I K c ind Kc
I =I =I
Separately and Self (Shunt) Excited DC Motors
E A = KΦω IA =
VT E A τind = KΦ?I
A
RA
VT RA
ω= - 2 τ ind
KΦ (KΦ)
Note: This example will make clear the concept of How the
Example from page # 548
torque increases when flux decrease current increases
Figure shows a shunt DC motor with internal resistance of 0.25. It is currently
operating with terminal voltage of 250 V and internal generated voltage of 245 V. What
happens in this motor if there is a 1% decrease in flux?
IF IL
IA
RF=0.25
RA +
LF -V
EA=245V
T=250V
VT E A 250 245
IA 20 Amps
RA 0.25
As EA=K 1% decrease in EA must decrease by 1% too
EA will drop EA2 = 0.99EA1 =0.99(245V)=242.55V
250 242 .55
Armature current must rise then rise to 29 .8 Amps
0.25
EA=K
VT E A Self:
IA
RA
Example 9-3 (Page # 555)
T=K IA
Separately & shunt Generator
Pout=VTIL
IL
Pout=Pin-Losses Rated
IA= IL=IF
Pout=Pin-Losses
RA
EA
VT RL
VTIL
Efficiency
VTIL I2R A Core Losses
EA
Drop due to:
VT E A IA (R A RS ) IA(RA+RS) &
Armature reaction AR)
EA=K
Series G/R is used for
Pin=T welding and Traction
I =I =I
(P#597) Control of Terminal Voltage of the DC Generator
VT = EA - IARA VT
IARA
EA=K & Armature
reaction AR)
VT = K - IARA
Control of Terminal
Voltage (VT) ? IL
Rated
(a) Change speed of rotation of the prime mover ()
(b) Change the field flux () by changing the filed
resistance If
(P#597) Control of Terminal Voltage of the DC Generator
VT = K - IARA
ILL
Rated
• IF= VT / RF.
• IF= VT / RF; This field current produces MMF in the poles .
• MMF (NIF) increases the flux in the poles
• VT = EA+IARA
FAILS TO BUILD UP ?
Example (see example 9-4 page 558)
When a dc generator is being driven at 1200 RPM, the generated emf (Eb)is 125 V.
What will be the generated emf if the:
(a) field flux () is decreased by 10% with the speed remaining unchanged ,and
(b) speed ()is reduced to 1100 RPM ,the field flux remaining unchanged ?
EA=K’n
EA n EA
= ⇒n = nO
E AO n O E AO
Assignment-No.7
IMPORTANT NOTE
F, A. turns EA [=Constant]
Figure 9-3 EA ? IF are related ?
The magnetization curve of a ferromagnetic material verses Ŧ
EA[K]
= 0
n = n0 (Constant)
IF
Figure 9-4
The magnetization curve of a dc machine expressed as a plot of EA verses IF, for a fixed speed 0
Greater current in the armature conductors would give a stronger
interaction with the:
• Because the frictional torque in the bearings of the motor is quite small
the greater torque due to the magnets will cause the motor to
accelerate until its power output matches that needed to overcome
friction.
Watch the running motor (Sparking at Carbon Brushes)
NEXT CHAPTER 4
AC Machinery
Fundamentals