LAXMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SARIGAM– 396 155

“FUZZY-SLIDING MODE BASED UPFC FOR

REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION IN 33
KV TRANSMISSION LINE”

Presentation by,
Jai kishan Singh 150860109012
Naveen Chandra 160863109007
Aarti Yadav 160863109017

Under the Guidance of

“S.KANNAN”
Assistant Professor
DEPARTMENT OF EE
INTRODUCTION
• The increase in electrical energy demand has presented higher
requirements from the power industry.
• Large operational margins and redundancies are there,
therefore, necessary to maintained and protect the system from
dynamic variation.
• The reactive power has acquired importance due to reason that
it increases the pressure to utilize transmission capacity as much
as possible.
• Therefore, investment is necessary for the improved control
schemes of the transmission system.
• The demands of lower power losses, faster response to system
parameter change, and higher stability of system have
stimulated the development of the Flexible AC Transmission
systems (FACTS)
 REACTIVE POWER

11-05-2019 3
Reactive Power(Maths)
• Active power (P)
It is the useful power that is doing the actual
work. It is measured in W, kW, MW &
calculated as, P = S x cos φ.
• Reactive power (Q)
It is a consequence of an AC system. Reactive
power are used to build up magnetic fields. It
is measured in var, kvar, Mvar & calculated as,
Q = S x sin φ or P x tan φ .
• Apparent power (S) Or Total power (S)
It is the combination of active and reactive power. Apparent power
is measured in VA, kVA, MVA
Reactive power compensation
• Management of reactive power to improve the Performance
of AC System.
 PROJECT OBJECTIVE
• Maximum utilisation of transmission capacity.

• Reactive Power Compensation in transmission line.

• Maintaining Voltage Stability.

• Enhance Power factor of the system.

• Enhancing switching performance of Converters.

 METHODOLOGY
• Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS):
Alternating current transmission systems incorporating power
electronic-based and other static controllers to enhance
controllability and increase power transfer capability.

• FACTS Controller:
A power electronic-based system and other static equipment
that provide control of one or more AC transmission system
parameters.
Unified Power Flow Controller
• The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) proposed by
Gyugyi.
• Regulation of voltage and power flow in a transmission line.
• Consists of two voltage source converters (VSC) one shunt
connected and the other series connected.
• DC capacitors of two converters are connected in parallel.
• The two converters work as STATCOM and SSSC
controlling the reactive current and reactive voltage injected
in shunt and series respectively in the line.
• Provides three degrees of freedom( Control Variable).
Static Synchronous compensator(STATCOM)
• Provides the necessary power required & reactive current
injected at the converter bus.
• Faster response.
• Requires less space as bulky passive components (such as
reactors) are eliminated.
• Inherently modular and relocatable.
• It can be interfaced with real power sources such as battery
or fuel cell.
• A STATCOM has superior performance during low voltage
condition as the reactive current can be maintained constant.
• It is even possible to increase the reactive current in a
STATCOM under transient conditions if the devices are rated
for the transient overload.

11-05-2019 9
Static Synchronous Series Compensator(SSSC)
• Control of both real and reactive power flow in the line.
• A SSSC controls the power flow in a transmission line by
varying the magnitude and polarity of the reactive voltage
injected in series with line.
• Elimination of bulky passive components (capacitors and
reactors),
• Improved technical characteristics
• Symmetric capability in both inductive and capacitive
operating modes
• Possibility of connecting an energy source on the DC side to
exchange real power with the AC network.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

11
CONTROL LOGIC
Traditional Logic

11-05-2019 13
Fuzzy Logic
Fuzzy Logic
How it is different ?
Benefits of fuzzy logic
• Fuzzy logic is tolerant of imprecise data.

• Fuzzy logic can model nonlinear functions of arbitrary

complexity.

• Fuzzy logic can be blended with conventional control

techniques.

• Fuzzy logic is conceptually easy to understand.

Sliding Mode Control (SMC)
• The sliding mode control is a nonlinear control technique which is
robust against parameter variations in the system.

• The SMC based controller brings the system to steady state by

sliding the state trajectory along the sliding surface and reducing
the error value to zero.

• The characteristics of the SMC is that it is discontinuous and

forces the system variable to slide along a pre-defined sliding
surface to maintain stability.
SIMULATION
Shunt Controller
Series Controller
Converter Block
 Simulation Results
Active Power:

Reactive Power:
 Computational Results

Measurements Active Power Reactive Power

p.u. MW p.u. MVAR
Configuration

Without UPFC 0.137 6.85 0.09 4.5

With UPFC 0.134 6.7 0.068 3.4

Hardware Model
Shunt and Series Transformer
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Paper Title Year Concept Technology Drawbacks

• We have to collect latest research papers of Last 5 years ( 2013 – 2018)

“Reactive power 2015 1. Reactive 1. STATCOM 1. Needs more
compensation using Power reactive power
STATCOM with Compensat- 2. Less Efficient
conventional control ion
connected with 33kv
grid”

Enhancement of power 2017 1. Damping of 1. SSSC 1. Limited

flow transmission system Electromagnetic Overload capacity
using static synchronous oscillation 2. Used For light
series compensator load
Cont.…
 CONCLUSION
• Power quality improvement of the network and better power
flow control under different operating conditions of power
system network.
• Capability of solving the complex system problems
efficiently.
• Robust and dynamic power flow control under different
operating conditions.
• Reduction in chattering without sacrificing robust
performance by combining the attractive features of fuzzy
control with Sliding Mode Control.

29