Thinking in the systems

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 Contents
What's the system

How to think in systems

What's system thinking

Balancing loop & Reinforcing loop

System thinking and design

What's the system
 History of the system

The Biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1901–1972) became one of the

pioneers of the general systems theory. In 1945 he introduced models,
principles, and laws that apply to generalized systems or their subclasses,
irrespective of their particular kind, the nature of their component elements,
and the relation or 'forces' between them.
 What's the system

A system is a set of things—people, cells, molecules, or whatever—

interconnected in such a way that they produce their own pattern of
behavior over time.
 What's the system
Think for a moment the implication of that idea

The oil-exporting nations are not solely responsible for oil price rises. Their
actions alone could not trigger global price
rises and economic chaos if the oil consumption, pricing, and investment
policies of the oil-importing nations had not built economies that are vulnerable
to supply interruptions.

Competitors rarely cause a company to lose market share.

They may be there to scoop up the advantage, but the losing
company creates its losses at least in part through its own
business policies.
How to think in systems
How to think in systems?
 How to think in systems?

Interconnections

Functions of
Elements
purposes

System
 How to think in systems?
Players

Field Coach

Win a games, have fun, get excercise, make a millions dollars or others

Balls Strategy

Rules
 Interconnections in the systems
Interconnection system operate through the flow of the information.
Information holds system together and plays a great role

Unless Changing an element also results in changing relationship or

purpose
Understanding system behaviour over time
What is system thinking
System Pyramid
Aspect of Structure
System thinking components
System Thinking Enable Us to

◎ Change our thinking

◎ Communicate with others and ccreate new ways of thinking and seeing
◎ Change our behaviour to work with the complex forces in the system
◎ Identify and test a wider variety of possible actions
◎ Be aware of the potential for unintended consequences of our actions
◎ Expand the choices available to us and identify those choices where we can
develop significant leverage
Iceberg Model System
The rules of systems thinking
- Today's problems come from yesterday's "solutions."
- The harder you push, the harder the system pushes back.
Example: demand decrease, increase marketing, cut price, customers back demand more cutting,
quality decrease, etc …
- Behavior grows better before it grows worse.
- The easy way out usually leads back in.
- The cure can be worse than the disease.
- Faster is slower.
- Cause and effect are not closely related in time and space.
- Small changes can produce big results...but the areas of highest leverage are often the least
obvious.
- You can have your cake and eat it too -- but not all at once.
- Dividing an elephant in half does not produce two small elephants.
- There is no blame.
Balancing loop & Reinforcing loop
Understanding how the system runs itself -
feedback
A feedback loop is a closed chain of causal connections from a stock,
through a set of decisions or rules or physical laws or actions that are
dependent on the level of the stock, and back again through a flow to
change the stock

Balancing Feedback and Reinforcing feedback

Reinforcing Loop
Balancing Loop
Reinforcing Feedback
Reinforcing Feedback
Self-enhacing, leading to
exponential growth or to run away
collapses over time
Balancing Feedback
Balancing feedback and Reinforcing feedback

SP : 77.07 %

PV : 77.06 %

OP : 100 %

Test Separator Level

Control
System Thinking and Design
Thinking System and Design
Method for systemic design