Music

Music is an art form and cultural

activity whose medium is sound
organized in time. The word is derives
from the Greek word mousike which
means “art of the Muses”.
 History of Music
Prehistoric of music can only be theorized
based on findings from Paleolithic archeology
sites. The earliest and largest collection of
prehistoric musical was found in China and
dates back to between 7000 and 6600 BC.
Flutes are often discovered , carved from bones
in which lateral holes have been pierced.
Elements of Music
Pitch – register (high or low);
Organization of pitches with a
pattern of intervals between them
creates scales; Words we might use
to describe scales: major/minor,
chromatic, gapped, pentatonic.
Rhythm – the time element of
music. A specific rhythm is a specific
patter in ; we usually hear these in a
relation to a steady pulse, and
mentally organize this pulse or
tempo into meter (sometimes
called a “time signature”.
Melody, or musical line, is a
combination of pitch and rhythm
(some say "duration"). Sometimes
a melody is considered to be the
theme of a composition. We might
characterize melody by its contour
(rising or falling) and the size of the
intervals in it.
Timbre – sound quality or tone
color; timbre is the characteristic
that allows us to distinguish
between one instrument and
another, and the difference between
vowel sounds (for example, long
"a" or "ee").
Timbre – sound quality or tone
color; timbre is the characteristic
that allows us to distinguish
between one instrument and
another, and the difference between
vowel sounds (for example, long
"a" or "ee").
 Texture
monophonic (one voice or line),
polyphonic (many voices, usually similar, as
in Renaissance or Baroque counterpoint),
homophonic (1. a melody with simple
accompaniment; 2. chords moving in the
same rhythm (homorhythmic))
heterophony – “mixed” or multiple similar
versions of a melody performed
simultaneously (rare in European music;
possibly used in Ancient Greece)
Collage – juxtaposition & superimposition
of extremely different textures or sounds
What is a musical sound?
MUSICAL SOUND
It is any tone with characteristics such as
controlled pitch and timbre. The sounds
are produced by instruments in which
the periodic vibrations can be controlled
by the performer.
What are the two mediums in
MUSIC?
 MEDIUMS OF MUSIC
VOCAL MEDIUM
 Vocal medium is a type of music
medium performed by one or
more singers, either with
instrumental accompaniment,
or without instrumental
accompaniment (a cappella), in
which singing provides the main
focus of the piece. Music which
employs singing but does not
feature it prominently is
generally considered
instrumental music
INSTRUMENTAL MEDIUM
 In the instrumental medium ,
the music is intended to be
performed by a musical
instrument.It is an artistic
form wherein the auditory
commuunicaton
incorporating instrumentals
are structured in a
continuous manner.
KINDS OF INSTRUMENTAL
MEDIUM
 STRING INSTRUMENTS
String instruments, stringed
instruments, or chordophones are
musical instruments that produce
sound from vibrating strings when
the performer plays or sounds the
strings in some manner.
WOODWIND INSTRUMENTS
Woodwind instruments are a family
of musical instruments within the
more general category of wind
instruments. There are two main
types of woodwind instruments:
flutes and reed instruments
PERCUSSION INSTRUMENT
A percussion instrument is a
musical instrument that is sounded
by being struck or scraped by a
beater (including attached or
enclosed beaters or rattles); struck,
scraped or rubbed by hand; or
struck against another similar
instrument.
KEYBOARD INSTRUMENT
A keyboard instrument is a
musical instrument played
using a keyboard, a row of
levers which are pressed by the
fingers.
ENSEMBLE INSTRUMENTS
Many of the
instruments stated
beforehand are
utilized in ensembles,
which are named
groupings of
instruments that have
associated with them
a specific repertoire
of music.
 MUSIC GENRES
music genre is a conventional category
that identifies some pieces of music as
belonging to a shared tradition or set
of conventions
 Electronic Dance Music
Generally referred as EDM, this form of music is produced
by DJs who add dozens of tones to a piece to create unique
music.You can hear them in clubs or even live, depending
upon your accessibility for the same. In the early twenties,
electronic dance music was known in the form of Jamaican
dub music, the electronic music of Kraftwerk, the disco
music of Giorgio Moroder, the Yellow Magic Orchestra and
many more.
 Rock Music
Originated as “Rock & Roll” in the United States, Rock music has
been rocking the world since the 1950s. It is a form of music that
started actually around string instruments, but now uses other
modern instruments too making it a little difficult to give it an
accurate definition. Its loud and strong beats make it popular among
the youths. Some of the rock stars who have popularized the culture
include Little Richard, Bill Haley and Chuck Berry while rock bands
like Pink Floyd, The Doors, Metallica, Nirvana and Megadeth are the
modern bands who have taken the culture by storm.
 Jazz
Identified with swing and blue notes, Jazz has its roots both
in the West African and European culture. It is said that Jazz
is “One of America’s original art forms” and boasts a
unique combination of creativity, coactions and interactivity.
Originating in the late 19th to early 20th century, Jazz has
also played an important role in introducing the world to a
number of women performers like Ella Fitzgerald, Betty
Carter, Abbey Lincoln and Ethel Waters.
 Dubstep
The use of instruments attracting music lovers for
its bass and rhythm, this falls in the electronic
music genre. People consider it to be a darker
form of music, but since its birth in the late 1990s,
this genre has successfully made its place in the
industry.
 Rhythm and Blues
Vocalists like Rihanna, Mariah Carey, Beyoncé, Usher
and the legendary Michael Jackson have all made it
huge in the music industry with their love for this
form of music. Originated in the 1940s, this African-
American music is a combination of hip hop, funk,
dance, pop and soul focusing on themes like
relationships, sex and freedom.
 Techno
You may have listened to a number of techno music
while clubbing, but it is Detroit techno that is
considered to be the foundation of this form of music.
Unlike the days of its emergence, the use of technology
today has greatly enhanced the quality of techno style
music and popularizing it among people day by day.
 Country Music
Another popular genre of American music which
originated in the 1920s, Country music has its roots from
American folk and western music. It is formed using
simple forms of instruments ranging from electric and
steel guitars to drums and mandolin or mouth organ.
Some very popular country music singers include Shania
Twain, Johnny Cash, Taylor Swift and Kenny Rogers.
 Electro
A perfect blend of hip hop and electronic music,
electro or electro-funk uses drum machine, vocoder
and talkbox helping it to distinguish itself from
another similar form of music, Disco. Notable artists
who have been into this form of music include Arthur
Baker, Freeez, Man Parrish and Midnight Star.
 Indie Rock
Falling in the genre of alternative rock music,
Indie Rock originated in the 1980s and has
gradually changed the music industry. After a
decade, it also gave birth to a couple of sun-
genres in related styles such as math rock, emo,
noise pop, post rock and lo-fi.
 Pop Music
“Pop” is a term derived from “Popular” and thus Pop
Music is known to be a genre of popular music. With its roots in
the rock & roll style, this form can include any form of music
ranging from urban and dance to rock, country and Latin.
Instruments highly used are electric guitars, synthesizer drums as
well as bass and one can listen to this form of music by listening
to songs by Britney Spears, Madonna, Beyonce Lady Gaga and of
course the “King of Pop”, Michael Jackson.
 DANCE
Dancing is a performing art form consisting
of purposefully selected sequences of human
movement. This movement has an aesthetic
and symbolic value and is acknowledged as
dance by performers.
 History of Dance
The earliest findings have pinpointed the origins of ancient dances in 9000-year-
old India or 5300-year-old Egypt, but the records more common infusion of
dance into a modern culture can be found from Ancient Greece, China, and
India. All these old dances evolved, eventually morphing into a wide variety of
Roman and European medieval dances, traditional Chinese dances, Hindi and
other traditional dances, respectively.
After the arrival of European Renaissance, the history of music and dance
exploded with the new additions to song and dance. Ease of travel and
immigration to the new world brought these dances into the mix with many
native cultures of the New World, forging countless new dance typesthat are
still popular to this day.
TWO DISTINCT FORMS
 Two Distinct Forms
THEATRICAL DANCE
 known for having
more elaborate
choreography, planning,
costume, scenery and other
elements that make the entire
production feel more
professional. The performers of
theatrical dance are usually
professional “ virtuoso dancers”,
who practice their craft over the
years, and are often tasked to
interpret the musical
accompaniment with advanced
dance moves or routines.
PARTICIPATORY DANCE
 Participatory social
dance where dancing in a
group is encouraged to
anyone. Participatory dances
are most commonly found at
weddings, social gatherings,
and festivals, and they can be
enjoyed with folk music both
alone or in a group (pairs,
lines, chains or other forms).
DIFFERENT DANCING STYLES
BALLET
Ballet is a poised style of dance and is
the basis of many other forms. Ballet
is often the first dance style a child
will experience as they begin their
dance training. Ballet shoes are worn
until the dancers feet have developed
enough strength to progress into
pointed shoes.
TAP DANCING
Tap dancing is best described as
"musical feet". Tap is a form of dance
where dancers use their feet as
percussive instruments. They wear
shoes specially designed with metal
plates on the toe and heel.
 JAZZ
Jazz is the most popular style of dance
amongst dancers. Jazz embodies many
aspects of dance. It has been influenced by
ballet, modern, tap, hip-hop, African
dance and many more styles. Jazz pulls
from all dance styles mixing them
together to create a high energy style that
knows no boundaries.
MODERN
Modern was said to be developed as a
rebellion against classical ballet. Since then it
has come into its own. Built on concepts of
rawness, modern dance focuses on the
dancers strong relationship with the floor,
concepts of contraction & release and the
connectivity of breath and , movement.
 LYRICAL
The basis of lyrical is conveying musicality
ballet but also and emotion through
encompasses both jazz movement. It is
and modern. It is usually set to popular
expressive, songs and is based
simultaneously subtle around feelings and
and dynamic. It emotions
focuses on
 HIPHOP
Hip Hop is an urban dance style also known
as Street Dance. Hip Hop is edgy, raw and
intense. Hip Hop is mostly danced to hip
hop, urban, and rap music. What sets Hip
Hop apart from most dance genres is that it
is often freestyle in nature and does not
follow a vocabulary.
CONTEMPORARY DANCE
Contemporary dance embodies
ballet, modern, jazz and lyrical. It
uses technique such as ballet as its
fundamentals and creates many
more greater movements that do
not adhere to the strict rules of
ballet and modern.
HIGHLAND DANCING
Highland dance was developed in the Gaelic
Highlands of Scotland and should not be
confused with Scottish Country Dancing.
Highland dancing requires a lot of stamina , as
well as arm and leg strength. Many people
may compare Scottish highland dance to Irish
dance but, Irish dance is progressive and
Highland dancing is traditional.
LINE DANCING
Line Dancing is a social dance that is made
up of a sequence of steps that is repeated.
Line dancing is associated with country-
western music and dance. Line dancing is
a solo dance that is danced in a straight
line, a circle or in a “follow the leader”
pattern.
IRISH DANCING
Irish dancing originated from Ireland and can
be divided into performance and social
dances. Made famous by Riverdance it is best
recognized by its rapid leg and foot
movements while the body and arms are
kept largely stationary. Irish soft shoes and
hard shoes are worn.