EVOLUTION OF ADMINISTRATION

AS A SCIENCE
CONCEPTS
 Administration : ..the conscious direction of
activities and internal relations in an
organization to achieve a goal
 Administration – decision making function &
management as execution function
( Oliver Sheldon,1923)
Three views: admn is above mgt; admn is part of
mgt & admn & mgt are the same
ORGANIZATION

 Indicates organic structure, arrangement etc

 It is in an organization we need administration

 Organization is social system

 An organization needs maximum unity in the

form of maximum participation/cooperation.
 Components: technology, human resource &
external factors- govt. policies, workers union etc
 Organization is the form of every human
association for attainment of common purpose (
Mooney)
ORGANIZING…
 ..is the process of combining the work which
individuals or groups have to perform with the
facilities necessary for its execution that the
duties, so performed provide the best channels
for the efficient, systematic, positive &
coordinated application of the available effort.
MANAGEMENT

 Is the activity--- action part or skill part of

administration
 4 m’s in mgt: man, money, machine &
material
 These should be effectively controlled by the
various elements of administration like planning,
organizing, controlling, staffing, directing,
coordinating, budgeting & reporting
Administration Management Organization
Determines the Use organization Helps the management
organization to attain set goals
What should be done How it should be done Who should do it
Defines goals Strives to achieve goals Helps in the
management
Determination of Execution of plans & It’s the machine used
plans & policies policies by mgt for execution
Determinative Executive Organic
function function function
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
 Administration can be defined as the universal
process of organizing people & resources
efficiently so as to direct activities toward
common goals & objectives.

 Business administration consists of the

performance or management of business
operations and making or implementing of major
decisions
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
 ..isa particular sector of the broader field
of administration and it defines the
administration of the govt affairs which
are undertaken for public good. It consists
of all those operations having for their
purpose the fulfillment or enforcement of
public policy.
SOCIAL WELFARE ADMINISTRATION
 Change of perspectives of State from law& order,
dispensation of justice, protection of property
lives of people to Welfare State concept.

 India as a welfare state

 Government to give focus on important public &

welfare functions

 Hence administration involved in the formulation

of policies & programs for social welfare &
economic growth
 As a result , increased social welfare services
and evolution of an exclusive organization for
these services & programs.

 Thus, SWA is the branch/sub division/subset of

Public Administration
HISTORY OF ADMINISTRATION
 Present era- scientific mgt but the process
of evolution starts from the birth of our
civilization

 Mgt in ancient times: evidence from

Mesopotamian culture- group of priests
performed functions of mgt.
 As representatives of God, the priests
directed & governed the activities of God
 They organized the work of laborers,
artisans, traders & soldiers
CONTD…
 Egyptian pyramids example of organization &
mgt
 Records indicate the existence of mgt in China.
Ideas of Confucius contained practical
suggestions for proper public admn
 Records to indicate appreciation mgt functions in
ancient Greece- existence of popular courts, board
of generals etc.
 Rome was able to expand to empire because of
their ability to organize
CONTD…
 Bible- Moses’s use mgt principles like selection of
competent personnel, delegation authority etc.
 Mgt practiced in ancient times was a type of trial

& error
ADMINISTRATION IS AN ART
 It involve personal skills
 Practical know how
 Result orientation
 Creativity of individuals important
 Constant practice aimed at perfection
( each experience is added and can improve on it)
MANAGEMENT IS A SCIENCE
 Systematic body of knowledge
 It has underlying principles, theories etc.
developed through continuous observation,
experimentation & research
 Principles have universal applicability.

 It is an organized body of knowledge which can

be taught & learned in classrooms
FIVE MAIN PROCESSES THAT MAKE UP
ADMINISTRATIVE METHOD

 Planning
 Organizing

 Staffing

 Directing

 Controlling
HUMAN SERVICE ADMINISTRATION
 Service to people in need( human service) has
become an important part of India’s governance.
 Central & State budget allocations for this is
expanding
 Issue is – how these programs administered, how
effectively and by whom?
SOCIAL WORK ADMINISTRATION
 Recognized as essential component in the
delivery of social services.
 Administration usually brings a picture of
leaders in the top who facilitate the work of the
agency & staff.
 In practice, it involves all staff members at all
levels, in either leadership or team-ship roles
SWA
 Transforming social policy into social services.. a
two way process:
1) transforming policy into concrete social
services &
2) use of experience in recommending
modification of policy.
( Kidneigh, 1950)
CONTD….
 Process of working with people in ways that
release & relate their energies so that they use
all available resources to accomplish the purpose
of providing needed community services and
programs
(Trecker 1971)
ELEMENTS OF SWA
 Administration is a continuous, dynamic
process
 The process is to set into motion in order to
accomplish a common purpose or goal
 The resources of people and material are
harnessed so that the common purpose or
goal may be achieved
 Coordination & cooperation are the means by
which the resources of people & material are
harnessed
 Implicit in the definition are the elements of
planning, organizing and leadership.
( Trecker 1971)
Time for Questions, Comments & Sharings
THANK YOU