MANJANADKA MINI HYDEL SCHEME

INTRODUCTION
• BPCL has started execution of 2x5MW Manjanadka Mini Hydro Project across
River Manjanadka near Karikke village about 22kms from Bhagamandala in
Kodagu District from February 2007. Project commissioned on 2009.
 DETAILS OF HYDRO SCHEME
The scheme mainly comprises,
Diversion weir across the river, about 2 km upstream of
the road bridge
A power canal of length of about 1500m
A fore bay and intake structure
Penstock of 3.8 m dia and having a length of 175 m
A powerhouse located just upstream of bridge with two
turbine-generator units
A short tailrace channel from the powerhouse to the river
course.
Regrading of the river for a short length
 POWER GENERATION SYSTEM
Turbine & auxiliary:
• The installed turbine having the Rated capacity of
5MW with rated flow of 13m^3.
• The turbine will have adjustable guide vanes for the
control of flow. This guide vanes are operated by guide
vanes servomotor.
• A direct shaft mounted over speed switch is provided
to give the alarm & trip signal in case of over speeding.
• A linear transducer is provided to give the feedback
signal to the electronic governor
 The horizontal shaft francis turbine directly coupled to
the horizontal synchronous generator.
 A hydraulic brake is provided to apply the brake on the flywheel at the specification speed
 A hydraulically operated quick closing butter fly valve is installed at turbine inlet
 Oil Pumping units will be provided for supply of pressurized oil for servo motor of Guide
vane, hydraulic brake & BFV.
 Cooling water system is provided supply water to the bearing of generator & turbine
 START AND STOP SEQUENCE OF TURBINE

Start sequence:
 Pre start condition is OK.
 Start governor opu motor and built up the pressure in opu.
 By pass valve open, equalize the pressure up stream & down stream of bfv.
 Open bfv fully.
 Close by pass valve.
 Start the cooling water system.
 Maintain turbine speed.
 Open guide vane gradually through governor to start rotation of turbine
 Build up the voltage.
 Synchronize the machine.
 Turbine is governed through governor and gradually loading the machine.
Normal stop:
• Reduce load through governor.
• Open generator circuit breaker.
• Close the guide vane & BFV.
• Apply brake to turbine when the speed reaches below 150 rpm.
• Stop OPU after ten minutes.
• Stop cooling water supply.
• Emergency Stop:
• Emergency signal will close BFV Guide vanes.
• Apply brake at 150RPM& open circuit breaker.
• Unit comes to stand still
• Stop both OPU after ten minutes and stop cooling water supply
GENERATOR
Specification:
Type : brushless synchronous generator
Output : 5000 KW
Power factor : 0.85 lag
Rated voltage : 11000 volts
Rated current : 309 amp
Rated speed : 428 rpm
Frequency : 50 hz
No. Of poles : 14
Construction : horizontal
Excitation : 95 V, 5 amp
 The rotor or the field coils in a generator produce the magnetic flux that is
essential to the production of the electric power. The rotor is a rotating
electromagnet that requires a DC ( direct current) electric power source to excite
the magnetic field.
 The excitation power to the rotating field winding of generator is provided by the
A.C exciter after rectification through a diode bridge
 Synchronous generator requires a very low power DC excitation for its field
winding
 CONTROL SYSTEM

GOVERNOR
 Fuzz-9800 is a state-of-the-art programmable digital electronic governor used for speed,
load and level control of hydroelectric turbines
 Governor can be controlled in two modes, auto mode & manual mode.
 In auto mode the whole start-up process including synchronization with the grid and
loading of the turbine to pre-set value can be done with the press of a single START button
 In manual mode, after all the pre-conditions for starting the turbine has been met, START
key or START push button has to be pressed so that the governor will permit to vary its set
points in manual mode
 The unit can then be manually synchronized
 Auto to manual or manual to auto switching can be done at any time during the operation
of the machine
 USER INTERFACE OF THE GOVERNOR:

The governor user interface consists of a 4x4 seven segment LED display, 35 key
membrane keyboard with dedicated and general purpose keys, LED indication for
digital input and digital output channels, governor status, alarm conditions and
power supply ON/OFF status.
 AVR CUM EXCITATION PANEL
The automatic voltage regulator of a synchronous generator is
essential to keep the terminal voltage constant when load on
generator changes from no load to full load. This is done by
AVR, which responds to the load change in immediately and
offers the corrective signal to adjust the excitation so that
terminal voltage is held constant.
 CONTROL & RELAY PANEL

 A control & relay panel is designed to provide to control the

associated line or transformer through outdoor switchgear at
various 11KV and 33KV zonal substations
 These panels are used for the control & monitoring of electrical
equipments such as transformers, generators and circuit
breakers.
 SYNCHRONISING PANEL
In order to synchronize a generator to the grid, four conditions
must be met:
1. Phase sequence
2. Voltage magnitude
3. Frequency
4. Phase angle
 POWER FACTOR REGULATOR
This equipment is intended to control the power factor and there by restricted the
reactive loading of the generators operating on unity power grid by connecting with
an automatic voltage regulator. The PFR senses the generator power factor and
compares it with the P.F as set.
 ANNUNCIATION PANEL

It is basically an audio visual warning system, which

highlights the fault or mishap which is going on, or even
before it happens. This is very necessary for safety
concern also, and sometimes the warning comes before
improper procedure which warns the operator to avoid
unwanted accident etc
 STATION AUXILIARY POWER SUPPLY

 415V station auxiliary power is derived by providing 2 100%, 200 kva 11

kv/433V auxiliary transformer. The transformer is connected to the 11 kv
switchgear by means of fuse and load break switch.
 During normal operation, power supply to 415v board is derived from 11 kv
switch board fed by hydro generators. When the hydro generators are not in
operation auxiliary power is derived from the grid by means of transformer
generators
 DC SUPPLY SYSTEM
The DC system is the most reliable source of supply in power station and will be
used for control and protection of hydro power plant equipment. The DC system is
used for the following,
• Electrical control of equipment and indications/annunciation on the control panel
and protective schemes.
• Emergency dc lightning, in case of ac failure