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Units by themselves
Numbers by themselves
don’t
don’t make
make sense.sense.
A Number and a Unit!
A board
A board is
is meters
350 longlong
. . . .. . . .
Estimation
Estimation is using your knowledge of
something similar in size or amount to
determine the size of the new object.
o Helps to make a rough
measurement of an
object.
o Useful when you are in a
hurry and exact numbers
are not required.
Fundamental Quantity
• Fundamental Quantity
quantity in which unit of measure is defined
without the help of other quantities
Basic Fundamental Units:
- Length
- Mass
- Time
5/20/2019
Derived Quantity
• Derived Quantity
combination of 2 or more fundamental
quantities
• Derived Units
• Density
• Force
• Velocity
5/20/2019
Why use the SI System?
In the U.S. we use the
English or Standard
Scientists use the SI
System, most of the rest
System worldwide
of the world uses the
because:
Metric or SI System.
• Measurements are easily understood by all
The SI (International System of Units) system
scientists
is the form of measurement
• Measurements typically
are easier to convert thanused
the by
scientists.
English system
Basic Types of Measurement
Length: measures distance between objects
Volume: measures the amount of space
something takes up
Mass: measures the amount of matter
in an object
Other Types of measurement include:
time
temperature
density
PH
Base SI Units
Quantity Unit Symbol
Length meter m
Mass kilogram kg
Temperature kelvin K
Time second s
Amount of mole mol
Substance
Luminous Intensity candela cd
Electric Current ampere a
Derived SI Units (examples)
Quantity unit Symbol
Volume cubic meter m3
Density kilograms per kg/m3
cubic meter
Speed meter per second m/s
Newton kg m/ s2 N
Energy Joule (kg m2/s2) J
Pressure Pascal (kg/(ms2) Pa
MKS, CGS & FPS Systems
• M – meter • F – foot
• K - Kilogram • P – pound
• S – second • S – Second
• Kg-m/s2 (Newton)
• C – cm
• G – gram
• S – second
• g-cm/s2
5/20/2019
Units for Volume
m3
cm3 1 dm3 = 1L
mL
Temperature
K= oC + 273
Farenheit and Celsius
1 Newton
1 N= kg m/s2
Units for Energy
• Joule J
If your measuring . . .
Length
Mass then
then itit is
is the
the meter (kilometer,
gram (centigram,
Volume thenetc.)
decameter,
milligram, it is the liter
etc.)
(deciliter, hectoliter, etc.)
centigram
The first part of the term indicates the amount, the
second part indicates the type of measurement.
How does converting units
work?
Unlike the English system converting in the SI
System is very easy.
For Example in the English system if you wanted
to know how many inches in 2 miles what
would you do?
1. Take the number of miles (2).
2. Multiply it by the number of feet in a mile (5,280).
3. Multiply that by the number of inches in a foot (12).
Based on the decimal system, the metric system is the common system used for scientific measurements.
26
Things to Remember
All measurements need a
number and a unit!
Basic units of Measurement
(meter, liter, gram)
How to convert metric
units
Nature of Science
The
International
System of Units
Basic Types of Measurement
Length: measures distance between objects
Volume: measures the amount of space
something takes up
Mass: measures the amount of matter
in an object
In SI the basic units are:
The
International
System of Units
Density is how much matter is in something (mass), compared to the
amount of space it takes up (volume).
Which isboth
They are heavier . . . so they weight
one kilogram
the same,
A kilogram ofbut it takes
feathers ormore feathers
a kilogram than
of lead?
lead to equal one kilogram!
The formula for density is:
Mass (grams) divided by Volume (cm3)
So the unit for density is g / cm3
Every substance has a density, and that density
always remains the same.
Which one takes up more space (volume)?
We Density
say thecan beis
lead used to figure
more dense out whatthe
than an
unknown substance is.
feathers.
The density of water is 1 g / cm3
Measurement Review
• Measurements need a number and
a unit!
• Basic units of Measurement (meter,
liter, gram)
• How to convert metric units
• Be able to make basic
measurements of volume, length,
and mass
• Definition of density and how to
figure it out.
• Vocabulary words
Convert 55.00 km/h to m/s
55.00 km x 1000 m x 1 h___ =
h 1 km 3600 s
15.28m/s
Derived Unit Conversions
• 54.3 cm3 = ______ m3
Problem: Drunken Donny steals an unknown alcohol from the chemistry lab at work. He does not
know that there are numerous different types of alcohols. Methyl alcohol has a density of 0.792 g/mL
and is poisonous if consumed. Ethyl alcohol has a density of 0.772 g/mL and is the common alcohol
which Drunken Donny loves to drink. If the stolen unknown alcohol has a measured mass of 71.28 g
and a measured volume of 90.0 mL, which alcohol did Drunken Donny steal to drink?
40
Chapter 2 Questions
1) A chemist needs 15.0 grams of ethanol for a reaction. If the density of ethanol is 0.789 g/mL, how many
milliliters of alcohol should be used? Show your final answer with units and correct sig figs.
2) Your inseam is 35.0 in. How many cm is this? Show your final answer with units and correct sig figs.
3) A Condor’s average wing span is 3.05 meters. Convert this to feet. Show your final answer with units and
correct sig figs.
41