Telecommunications, the Internet,

and Wireless Technology

👤
👤
👤 Hello!

Agnes Aurora Ngelo / 041611333007

Salsabila Hana Haninda / 041611333234

Dimas Bagus Setiawan / 041611333238

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7.1
What are the principal components of
telecommunications networks and
key networking technologies?
 Networking and
Communication Trends

Key Digital Networking

Computer Network Technologies
Client/Server Computing
1. Networks in Large Companies
Packet Switching
TCP/IP and Connectivity
7.2
What are the different
types of network?

Signals: Digital Versus Analog

Types of Networks
1. Local Area Networks
2. Metropolitan and Wide Area Networks

Transmission Media and Transmission Speed

● Bandwidth: Transmission Speed
7.3
How do the Internet and Internet
technology work, and how do they
support communication and e-
business?
 Internet

The Internet is the world’s most extensive public communication

system. It’s also the world’s largest implementation of
client/server computing and Internetworking, linking millions of
individual networks all over the world. This global network of
networks began in the early 1970s as a U.S. Department of Defense
network to link scientists and university professors around the
world.
Most homes and small businesses connect to the Internet by
subscribing to an Internet service provider. An Internet service
provider (ISP)

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 Internet Addressing and Architecture

Every computer on the Internet is assigned a unique Internet

Protocol (IP) address.
When a user sends a message to another user on the Internet, the
message is first decomposed into packets using the TCP protocol.

■ The Domain Name System

Domain Name System (DNS) converts domain names to
IP addresses. The domain name is the English-like name that
corresponds to the unique 32-bit numeric IP address for each
computer connected to the Internet.
DNS servers maintain a database containing IP addresses mapped to
their corresponding domain names. To access a computer on the
Internet, users need only specify its domain name.

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Internet Architecture and Governance

Internet Architecture Board

(IAB), which helps define the
overall structure of the Internet;
the Internet Corporation for
Assigned Names and Numbers
(ICANN), which manages the
domain name system;
and the World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C), which sets
Hypertext Markup Language
and other programming
standards for the web.

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The Future Internet: IPV6 and Internet2

■ The old addressing system is being replaced by a new version of the

IP addressing schema called IPv6, which contains 128-bit
addresses, or more than a quadrillion possible unique addresses.

■ Internet2 is an advanced networking consortium representing more

than 500 U.S. universities, private businesses, and government
agencies working with 66,000 institutions across the United States
and international networking partners from more than 100 countries.

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 “
Internet Services and
Communication Tools
A client uses the Internet to request information from a particular web server
on a distant computer, and the server sends the requested information back
to the client over the Internet.

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Internet Services

■ A client computer connecting to the Internet has access to a

variety of services.

■ Each Internet service is implemented by one or more software

programs.

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Voice over IP

Voice over IP (VoIP) technology delivers voice information in digital form

using packet switching, avoiding the tolls charged by local and long-
distance telephone networks.

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Unified Communications

Unified communications integrates disparate channels for voice

communications, data communications, instant messaging, e-mail, and
electronic conferencing into a single experience by which users can
seamlessly switch back and forth between different communication
modes. Presence technology shows whether a person is available to
receive a call.

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 Virtual Private Networks

This VPN is a private network of computers linked using a secure tunnel

connection over the Internet. It protects data transmitted over the public Internet by
encoding the data and wrapping them within the Internet protocol. By adding a
wrapper around a network message to hide its content, organizations can create a
private connection that travels through the15public Internet.
 “
The Web
It’s a system with universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving,
formatting, and displaying information by using a client/server architecture.

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Hypertext

■ Web pages are accessible through the Internet because web

browser software operating your computer can request web pages
stored on an Internet host server by using the Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP).
■ HTTP is the communications standard that transfers pages on the
web.

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Web Serves

■ A web server is software for locating and managing stored web

pages.
■ It locates the web pages a user requests on the computer where
they are stored and delivers the web pages to the user’s computer.
■ Server applications usually run on dedicated computers, although
they can all reside on a single computer in small organizations.

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 Searching for Information on the Web

Search engines attempt to solve the problem of finding useful information on the web
nearly instantly and, arguably, they are the killer app of the Internet era. Today’s search
engines can sift through HTML les; les of Microsoft Office applications; PDF les; and audio,
video, and image les. There are hundreds of search engines in the world, but the vast
majority of search results come from Google, Yahoo, and Microsoft’s Bing.

With the growth of mobile smartphones and tablet computers, and with about 210
million Americans accessing the Internet via mobile devices, the nature of e-commerce
and search is changing. Mobile search from smartphones and tablets made up more than
50 percent of all searches in 2016.

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 Searching for Information on the Web

Semantic search, the goal is to build a search engine that could really understand
human language and behavior. Google and other search engine firms are attempting to
refine search engine algorithms to capture more of what the user intended and the
meaning of a search.

Social search is an effort to provide fewer, more relevant, and trustworthy search
results based on a person’s network of social contacts. In contrast to the top search
engines that use a mathematical algorithm to nd pages that satisfy your query, a social
search website would review your friends’ recommendations, their past web visits, and
their use of Like buttons.

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 Searching for Information on the Web

The visual web refers to websites such as Pinterest, where pictures replace text
documents, where users search pictures, and where pictures of products replace display
ads for products. Instagram is another example of the visual web. Instagram is a photo
and video sharing site that allows users to take pictures, enhance them, and share them
with friends on other social sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Google+. In 2016,
Instagram had 400 million monthly active users.

Shopping bots use intelligent agent software for searching the Internet for
shopping information. Shopping bots such as MySimon or PriceGrabber can help people
interested in making a purchase lter and retrieve information about products of interest,
evaluate competing products according to criteria the users have established, and
negotiate with vendors for price and delivery terms.

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BIG CONCEPT
Bring the attention of your audience over
a key concept using icons or illustrations

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 You can also split your content
White
Is the color of milk and fresh
snow, the color produced by
the combination of all the
colors of the visible spectrum.
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Black
Is the color of coal, ebony,
and of outer space. It is the
darkest color, the result of
the absence of or complete
absorption of light.
 In two or three columns

Yellow Blue Red

Is the color of gold, Is the colour of the Is the color of blood,
butter and ripe clear sky and the deep and because of this it
lemons. In the sea. It is located has historically been
spectrum of visible between violet and associated with
light, yellow is found green on the optical sacrifice, danger and
between green and spectrum. courage.
orange.

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A picture is worth a thousand words

A complex idea can be

conveyed with just a
single still image,
namely making it
possible to absorb
large amounts of data
quickly.

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7.4
What are the principal technologies
and standards for wireless
networking, communication, and
Internet access?
 Cellular Systems

Earlier generations of cellular systems were

designed primarily for voice and
limited data transmission in the form of
short text messages

Long
Term Evolution (LTE) and mobile Worldwide
Interoperability for Microwave
Access (WiMax—see the following section)
are the current 4G standards.

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 Wireless Computer Networks and Internet Access

Bluetooth is the popular name

WiMax
for the 802.15 wireless
which stands for Worldwide
networking standard,
Wi-Fi and Wireless Internet Interoperability for
which is useful for creating
Access Microwave Access, is the
small personal area networks
The 802.11 set of standards for popular
(PANs) . It links up
wireless LANs and wireless term for IEEE Standard
to eight devices within a 10-
Internet access is 802.16. It has a wireless
meter area using low-power,
also known as Wi-Fi access range of up to 31
radio-based communication
miles and transmission
and can transmit up to 722 Kbps
speed of up to 75 Mbps.
in the 2.4-GHz band.

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 RFID and Wireless Sensor Networks

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Near

Field
Communication (NFC)
Wireless Sensor Networks
(RFID) systems provide a powerful technology
for tracking the movement of goods throughout are networks of interconnected wireless
the supply chain. devices that are embedded in the physical
NFC is a short-range environment to provide measurements
wireless connectivity standard that uses of many points over large spaces. These
electromagnetic radio fields to enable devices have built-in processing, storage,
two compatible devices to exchange data when and radio frequency sensors and antennas
brought within a few centimeters
of each other

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89,526,124
Whoa! That’s a big number, aren’t
you proud?

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89,526,124$
That’s a lot of money

185,244 users
And a lot of users

100%
Total success!

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Our process is easy

first second last

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 Let’s review some concepts

Yellow Blue Red

Is the color of gold, butter and ripe Is the colour of the clear sky and the Is the color of blood, and because of
lemons. In the spectrum of visible deep sea. It is located between violet this it has historically been associated
light, yellow is found between green and green on the optical spectrum. with sacrifice, danger and courage.
and orange.

Yellow Blue Red

Is the color of gold, butter and ripe Is the colour of the clear sky and the Is the color of blood, and because of
lemons. In the spectrum of visible deep sea. It is located between violet this it has historically been associated
light, yellow is found between green and green on the optical spectrum. with sacrifice, danger and courage.
and orange.

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Credits

Special thanks to all the people who made and released

these awesome resources for free:
■ Presentation template by SlidesCarnival
■ Photographs by Unsplash

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 Presentation design

This presentations uses the following typographies and colors:

■ Titles & body copy: Source Sans Pro
You can download the fonts on this page:
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■ Dark gray #2f3848

■ Turquoise #00c5b9
■ Salmon #f05768

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download the fonts to edit the presentation in PowerPoint®

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