Introduction to Herpes Viruses

Hugh B. Fackrell
Filename: Herpes1.ppt
Fackrel@uwindsor.ca

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 Herpes Viruses

Group characteristics
Herpes simplex 1
Herpes simplex 2

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 VP26 Assembly in HSV-1 Capsid

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 Herpes Virus Outline

Structure
Classification
Multiplication
Clinical manifestations
Epidemiology
Diagnosis
Control
Baron’s Web Site
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 Herpes have a Unique Structure
 dsDNA core
Iscadeltahedral protein
capsid
amorphous tegument
lipid envelope with
glycoproteins

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 Human Herpesvirus Subfamilies

 herpesvirinae
 herpesvirinae
 herpesvirinae

Infect both vertebrate and non vertebrate

>100 types characterized
6 types infect humans
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 Bovine Herpes

Mammillitus

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  Herpesvirinae

Human herpesvirus 1 -HHV1

Herpes simplex type 1-HSV1
Human Herpesvirus 2 -HHV2
Herpes simplex type 2 -HSV2

Short replicative cycle

Rapid cytopathology
Broad host range
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 Animations of HSV

Receptor Binding
RNA Transcription in productive
infection
Latent Infections
DNA Replication
Encapsidation and Release
Click here to view Dr. Ed. Wagner, superb
series of animations on HSV on the internet
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 Herpes simplex virus

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 Herpes simplex virus

Isolated from a patient with shingles 5/22/2019

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  Herpesvirinae

Human Herpesvirus 5 -HHV5

Cytomegalovirus- CMV

Long replicative cycle

Restricted host range
Slow cytopathology

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 Cytomegalovirus

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  Herpesvirinae

Human Herpesvirus 4 HHV4

 Epstein-Barr EBV or EB
 Human Herpesvirus 6 -HHV6

Very restricted host range

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 Varicellavirus

genus in herpesvirus family

human herpesvirus 3 (HHV3)
varicella-zoster virus

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 Multiplication

Genes replicated in specific order

Immediate early genes
regulatory proteins
Early genes
enzymes for replicating viral DNA
Late genes
structural proteins
Occurs in host cell nucleus
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 Latent Infections

 ALL herpes viruses can establish latent

infections. The viral genome may become
incorporated into the host DNA or remain
extrachromosomal
Latent viruses can be reactivated by stress,
menstruation or uv light
Reactivation may be asymptomatic or lead
to mild or severe disease.
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 Diagnosis

Isolation of virus by tissue culture

 herpevirinae cause cytopathic effects
intranuclear fluorescence of scrapings using
fluorescent antibodies
PCR being developed

CMV retinitis is diagnosed clinically

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 Prevention of Herpesvirus

Vaccines
VZV vaccine being licensed
HSV1, HSV2, & CMV vaccines being
developed
Passive immunization
pooled immunoglobulin
hyperimmune globulin

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 Anti-herpesvirus drugs

Idoxuridine- herpetic keratitis

Trifuridine-herpetic keratitis
Vidarabine - wide range of applications
Acylovir-wide range of applications
Ganciclovir -CMV

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 Herpes Simplex Viruses

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 Epidemiology of
Herpes Simplex
HSV1 is transmitted by kissing or other
contact with saliva
HSV2 is spread by sexual contact
HSV2 is spread nosocomially

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 Mucocutaneous infections caused
by Herpes simplex

Gingivostomatis
Herpes simplex labialis (cold sores)
Genital herpes
Keratitis
Whitlows- health care workers
Herpes gladiatorum- wrestlers

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 Herpes simplex type 1

Herpes labialis.
cold sores or fever blisters. text: page 569.
2-12 day incubation period.
gingivostomatitis -- vesicles rupture.
latent virus in ganglia -- Herpetic
keratoconjunctivitis -- ulcers can be identified
by fluorescein staining.

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 Herpes simplex

Stomatitis

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 Herpes simplex

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 Herpes simplex

Stomatitis

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 Transmission: HSV1

Transmitted by direct contact such as

kissing or fondling; very common with
young children.
Good personal hygiene does curtail the
transmission.

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 Treatment HSV1

The first drugs were used to treat

conjunctivitis and keratitis
Iododeoxyuridine
trifluridine
adenine arabinoside
acyclovir

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 Treatment HSV1

Iododeoxyuridine: direct application to the

cornea
Trifluridine, Keratitis: direct application
Adenine arabinoside: direct application to
the cornea. Intravenously injected, it
reduces mortality from herpes encephalitis.
Acyclovir: is now the drug of choice, is the
least toxic. Can be used topically, orally and
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 Genital Herpes HSV2

primary infection: vulva, vagina, cervix.

glans penis, prepuce or penile shaft.
fever, malaise, anorexia, bilateral inguinal
adenopathy.
sexually transmitted - highest rate among
young adults.
Patients on immunosuppressive drugs

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 Neonatal Herpes Simplex

infants acquire the virus passing through the

birth canal.
disseminated herpes - newborns; premature
infants susceptible

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 Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

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 Treatment HSV2

Acyclovir does not cure the initial infection,

but because it prevents the attachment of
released virus from an infected cell, it
ameliorates the disease. With aggressive
treatment eventually the viruses disappear.
It is not an effective cure for the latent
stage.

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 Herpes simplex infection of egg
membranes

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 Herpes Intranuclear inclusions

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 Herpes simplex Syncytia

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 Ctyopathic effect

Early

Late>
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