\fə'netɪks \

Phonetics
Accent mark
 What is Phonetics?
• It is a scientific study of sounds used in human
speech. Science of speech sounds.
• Study about the speech production,
transmission and reception.
Phonetic Transcription and the
IPA
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

Universal or standardized alphabets used to

transcribe the sounds occurring in human
speech.

In 1886, a group of British and French language

teachers led by the linguist Paul Passy
formed IPA.
 Why do we need Phonetics?
Because of the exceptions, irregularities we
have in the spelling, alphabet and
pronunciation of words in English language.
Chalk garage shine science
Character gem champagne sign
Champagne jam
Put but
• The IPA system represents each sound of
human speech with a single symbol.
• 44 phonemes—consonants (24), vowels
(12) long are 5 and short are 7 and
diphthongs (8).
• The symbol is enclosed in
brackets [ ] \ \
 Phonetics-Consonant
‘kɒnsənənt
• It has got 24 consonant sounds
– 15 common
• p, b, t, d, k, m, n, l, r, f, v, s, z, h, w

– 9 uncommon
• θ, ð, ŋ, ʃ, ʒ, j, g, tʃ, dʒ
 Phonetics
• Articulatory phonetics (speech sounds)
• Acoustic phonetics (sounds – how are they
formed)
• Auditory phonetics (hearing – sounds)
 Phonetics- Vowel
'vaʊə l
• 12 vowel sounds
– 5 long vowels, 7 short vowels
• 8 diphthongs

 
 Sounds

Consonants Diphthongs
24 8

Vowels
12

5 7
 Organs of Speech

Respiratory System Phonatory System Articulatory System

Lungs Muscles of Trachea Pharynx Lips Teeth Roof Tongue

the chest of the
Larynx mouth

Vocal Teeth Hard Soft Uvula

cords ridge palate palate

Tip Blade Front Back Rims

 The Vocal Tract
• Pharynx
• Oral Cavity
• Nasal Cavity
• Uvula
• Tongue
(tip/blade/front/
middle/back/root)
• Hard Palate
• Soft Palate (Velum)
• Alveolar Ridge (teeth-
ridge)
• Teeth (upper &lower)
• Lips (upper &lower)
• Epiglottis
The Consonants of English
Vowels phonemic symbol

•i:, ɪ, u:, ʊ
•e, ə, ɜ:, ɔ:
•æ, ʌ, a:, ɒ
 Transcribe
• Sea, seat, keep, eat, chief, keen, feet
• Bath, calm, grass, far, car, part, charm
• Earth, work, earn, turn, fern, girl, stir
• Ball, pause, salt, fault, daughter, paw
• Shoe, pool, tool, food, rule, tune, truth
• /ɪ/ as in ‘pit’ pɪt
• /e/ as in 'pet' pet
• /æ/ as in 'pat' pæt
• /ʌ/ as in ‘up' ʌp
• /ɒ/ as in 'pot' pɒt /ə/ as in 'about, 'upper'
əbaʊt,
• /ʊ/ as in 'put' pʊt
• /i:/ as in 'key' ki:
• /ɑ:/ as in 'car' kɑ: (r)
• /ɔ:/ as in 'core' k ɔ: (r)
• /u:/ as in 'cool' ku:l
• /ɜ:/ as in 'cur' kɜ:tn
• /ɪ/
• /e/
• /æ/
• /ʌ/
• /ɒ/
• /ʊ/
• /i:/
• /ɑ:/
• /ɔ:/
• /u:/
• /ɜ:/
• / ə/
 Transcribe
• Lid, city, ship, fit, dish, pin, rich, pity
• Leg, desk, fell, red, pen, men, seven
• Man, sat, that, fat, back, glad, jam, bag
• Son, sun, fun, one, luck, pluck, cup
• About, around, another, along, attempt
• God, lot, cough, cross, not, pond, ox
• Pull, full, bush, push, look, should
 Diphthongs
• A vowel sound that starts near the articulatory
position for one vowel and moves toward the
position for another.
• Combination of vowel sounds

•ɪə, eɪ, ʊə, ɔɪ, əʊ, еə, аɪ, аʊ

• /eɪ/ as in 'bay' beɪ
• /aɪ/ as in 'buy' baɪ
• /ɔɪ/ as in 'boy' bɔɪ
• /ɪə/ as in 'peer' pɪə
• /eə/ as in 'pear' peə
• /ʊə/ as in 'poor' pʊə
• /əʊ/ as in 'go' gəʊ
• /aʊ/ as in 'cow' kaʊ
 Transcribe
• Eight, day, play, great, break, scale
• Buy, tie, time, idle, pie, lie, guy, eye
• Ploy, toy, oil, noise, choice, point, foil
• No, pole, boat, road, so, goal, soul, toe
• Found, count, now, round, loud, house
• Air, bear, pair, hair, fair, chair, bare,wear
• Fear, tier, deer,peer,beer,ear,hear, dear
• Tour, sure, cure, endure, secure,
• 1. Cut
– a. /kʌt/ b. /kɜ:t/ c. /ku:t/
• 2. Jar
– a. /ʧɑ:/ b. /ʤæ/ c. /ʤɑ:/
• 3. Food
– a. /fʌd/ b. /fʊd/ c. /fu:d/
• 4. Very
- a. /vri:/ b. /vʌri:/ c. /verɪ/
• 5. Show
• a. /ʤʊ/ b. /ʃʊ/ c. /ʃəʊ/
• 6. Young
• a. /jʌŋ/ b. /ɪʌŋ/ c. /yʌŋ/
• 7. Pleasure
• a. /pleʒə/ b. /plɜ:ʃ/ c. /pleʃ/
• 8. No
• a. /nʊ/ b. /nəʊ/ c. /nɔɪ/
• 9. Oil
• a. /ɔ:l/ b. /ɔɪl/ c. /ʊl/
• 10. Turn
• a. /tʌn/ b. /tɜ:n/ c. /tʊn/
• 11. Fort
• a. /fɜ:t/ b. /fʌt/ c. /fɔ:t/
• 1. Cut
– a. /kʌt/ b. /kɜ:t/ c. /ku:t/
• 2. Jar
– a. /ʧɑ:/ b. /ʤæ/ c. /ʤɑ:/
• 3. Food
– a. /fʌd/ b. /fʊd/ c. /fu:d/
• 4. Very
- /vri:/ b. /vʌri:/ c. /verɪ /
• 5. Show
• a. /ʤʊ/ b. /ʃe/ c. /ʃəʊ/
• 6. Young
• a. /jʌŋ/ b. /ɪʌ&/ c. /yʌ&/
• 7. Pleasure
• a. /pleʒə/ b. /plɜ:ʃ/ c. /pleʃ/
• 8. No
• a. /nʊ/ b. /nəʊ/ c. /nɔɪ/
• 9. Oil
• a. /ɔ:l/ b. /ɔɪl/ c. /ʊl/
• 10. Turn
• a. /tʌn/ b. /tɜ:n/ c. /tʊn/
• 11. Fort
• a. /fɜ:t/ b. /fʌt/ c. /fɔ:t/
 Try this out
• Food
• Church
• Chef
• Nun
• Fish
• cabin
 Syllable
• A unit of sound which consists of a vowel
sound is known as syllable.
• Example
• Types-Monosyllabic, disyllabic, trisyllabic,
tetrasyllabic, pentasyllabic
• Any, almost, alphabet, disparity,
excommunicate
 Word Accent/stress
• The syllables which are more prominent
receive stress or accent
• Primary stress
• Secondary stress
• Whether, though, days, ground, early
• Warm, completely, morning, general
• Time, good, forecast
• Year, spell
• Fine, hold
• Whole, next
• Showers, two
 Transcribe

• Sad
• Stood
• Cry
• Sing
• But
• Caught
• Nice
 Transcribe
• Toy
• Fair
• Strong
• Wild
• Cheese
• Through
• Rather
• Write all the long vowels and short vowels