KARL MARX

PRESENTED BY GROUP 6
WHO WAS KARL MARX?
 A German philosopher, historian, economist, sociologist, political
theorist, and journalist.
 Born in Trier on 5th of May 1818.
 Studied Law at University of Berlin, while the Philosophy at University
of Jena.
 Marriage life with Jenny Von Westphalen.
 Friendship with Friedrich Engel.
 Rightly called the Father of Communism.
 Anti-Capitalism Element.
 Remarkable work.
 March 14, 1883.
NOTABLE WORKS
 Das Capital.
 The Communist Manifesto.
 The Marx-Engels Reader.
 Labour theory.
 Theory of Surplus Value.
 Proletarian Dictatorship.
 Theory of State.
 Classless Society.
POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY
 Father of Modern Communism.
 “Religion is opium of the people.”
 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engel working on causes of economic
changes.
 According to the theory of communism, the only practical thing was
to acquire mastery over the governing laws of society.
 Hegel and Marx.
 Dialectic Method.
 Hence, a proposed solution, a new system.
LABOUR THEORY
 The value of a product can be objectively measured by the
average number of labor hours required to produce that
commodity.
 Labour to the capitalists means that the productions are owned by
the capitalist.
 A labourer and the person who is carrying out the business be
treated on the equal grounds.
 Marx called for “labor power.”
 Destructive Questions.
 Unemployment Issue.
 Capitalists extract “surplus value” from the workers and enjoy profits.
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THEORY OF SURPLUS VALUE
 Wage for labor and Profit for Capitalists.
 Surplus value generates a handsome income for the 'owner‘.
 Surplus value gives birth to alienation.
 Surplus value give birth to the polarization.
 Surplus value gives birth to wars and arm conflict.
 Equality for all and communism.
 Closed Economy vs Liberalisation.
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PROLETARIAN DICTATORSHIP
 The Proletariat class comprises of the workers, laborers or wage-
earners.
 In The Communist Manifesto, "The first step on the path to the
workers' revolution is the elevation of the proletariat to the position
of ruling class. The proletariat will gain from its political domination
by gradually tearing away from the bourgeoisie all capital, by
centralizing all means of production in the hands of the State, that is
to say in the hands of the proletariat itself organized as the ruling
class.“
 Proletarian Dictatorship through violent means.
PROLETARIAN DICTATORSHIP
 Lenin said “Revolutionary dictatorship of the proletariat is power
won and maintained by the violence of the proletariat against the
bourgeoisie power that is unrestrained by any law.”
 The Communist state differs from the capitalist state in two ways:

a) In it the majority i.e. the workers will be the majority.

b) The revolutionary proletariat will abolish all classes and then
disappear as a class.
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MARX AND CAPITALISM
 An economic and political system in which a country's trade and
industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by
the state.
 Study of capitalism.
 Production for consumption to Production for Profit.
 “A product has a great exchange value if more human labor has
been put into its production.”
 Profit makers due to surplus.
 Greediness to the capitalists, Struggle to the Labors.
MARX AND CAPITALISM

 “The wages paid to the workers are not the

equivalent of the full value they produce, but
only equal about half this value or even less. The
rest of the value produced by the worker during
his working days is taken outright by his
employer.”
THEORY OF STATE
 State is meant for the promotion of the common good
of the community and their welfare.
 According to Aristotle the state came into birth for the
sake of life and state continues to exist for the sake of
good life.
 Laski said, “State strives to hold a just balance between
the different elements in society.”
THEORY OF STATE
 According to Karl Marx, “State is nothing more than the form of
organization which the bourgeoisie necessarily adopt both for
internal and external purpose for the mutual guarantee of their
property and interest.”.
 According to the Communist theory, the state is nothing but a tool
of the dominant class in society.
 According to Communist Manifesto, the state is the executive
committee of the bourgeoisie.
 “From each according to his ability, to each according to his
needs.”
CLASSLESS SOCIETY
 A society in which the classes with opposing interests are not found.
e.g. the land-owners and the landless, workers and management,
freemen and slaves, the rich and the poor, exploiters and the
exploited, capitalists and labourers etc.
 A figment of imagination of Marx.
 Two classes namely the Bourgeoisie and the proletariats.
 The ultimate condition of social organisation, expected to occur
when true communism is achieved
 “From each according to his abilities and to each according to his
needs.”
 “All for each and each for all.”
 Homogeneity.
CRITICISM
 Marx absolutely ignored the role of middle class in his writings and
thinking.
 Marx’ theory of alienation is true but not to the extent of which Marx
talks.
 If he had worked more on labour theory with the capitalism
concepts e.g. Unemployment issue.
 Propagandist or Revolutionist.
 His view of proletariat dictatorship which would later on be
converted into classless society hasn’t proved to true.
 Karl Marx’s theory of state stands against the classical theory of
state, against the spirit of ruling of ancient and medieval kings.
 All n Further.
CONCLUSION
 Father of Communism.
 Anti- Capitalism.
 Revolutionary Economic Theories.
 Fought for Labor Rights.
 Against the Capitalist Lords.
 Proletarians to Classless.
 No State Phenomenon.
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