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P = BR
Finding the Percentage
We find the percentage by
multiplying the base and the rate P = RB
1. Fifty percent of 24 is what?
Given: R = 50% B = 24
1
P = BR = (24)(50%) = (24) = 12
2
2. Twenty-three percent of ₱365 is what?
Given: R = 23% B = ₱365
P = BR = (₱365)(23%) = (₱365)(.23) = ₱83.95
Finding the Base
To find the base, 𝐏
we divide the percentage by the ratio B=
𝐑
1
1. If I have ₱25 which represents of my entire
4
money, how much money do I have in all?
1
Given: P = ₱25 R=
4
P ₱25 4
B = = 1 = ₱25 × = ₱100
R 1
4
Finding the Rate
To find the rate, 𝐏
we divide the percentage by the base R=
𝐁
1. What part of 400 is 50?
Given: B = 400 P = 50
P 50 𝟏
R= = =
B 400 𝟖
2. How many percent of ₱1,200 is ₱400?
Given: B = ₱1,200 P = ₱400
P 400 𝟏
R= = = = 0.333 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑%
B 1200 𝟑
Finding the Rate of Increase/(Decrease)
𝐐𝟐 −𝐐𝟏
Rate of Increase/(Decrease) =
𝐐𝟏
where Q1 = original quantity
Q 2 = new quantity
1 : 2 = 8 : 16
extremes
2. Indirect/inverse proportion
- as one value increases, the other decreases
3. Partitive proportion
- identifying parts of a whole based on a given ratio of
these parts
Direct Proportion
If three notebooks cost ₱15, how many notebooks
can you buy with ₱60?
1
X = × ₱100,000 = ₱20,000
5
2
Y = × ₱100,000 = ₱40,000
5
2
Z = × ₱100,000 = ₱40,000
5
= ₱100,000
Exercises:
1. ₱45.50 is 25% of what amount?
1
2. 3 of 125 is what number?
2
3. What part of 360 is 18?
4. What is the percent of increase/(decrease) of an item on
sale at ₱55 with an original price of ₱125
5. The number of dogs in a park is double the number of
cats, and the number of cats is half the number of birds. If
there are 84 animals in the park, how many of each animal
are there?
6. A fort can be finished by 30 men in 10 days. If 5 of them
decided to leave, how long can the rest do the job?