Truth vs Philosophy

“Philosophy as a discipline will not

claim to be the sole bearer of Truth”
“ The truth, it is a beautiful
and terrible thing, and
should therefore be treated
with great caution.”
-jkrowling-
 Activity: Sharing of online news
article of any current controversial
issue. Turn to comment section below
the article. Describe the interaction
among the commenters and the kind
of comments they post online.
Who are actively exchanging
arguments and counter
arguments?
 Do you agree with these
arguments?Do you think some
arguments are true or wrong?What is
your basis that this arguments is a
good one or bad?
An OPINION is a statement
of judgment of a person
about something in the
world.
 EXTRAJUDICIAL KILLINGS
* There is no other solution to the
problems of drug and crime
prevention.
 OPINIONS
* Are statements of judgment that are
in need of further justification.
 OPINIONS
• Should pass to the tests of
JUSTIFICATION
• Will have to defended with
better reasons to strengthen
them.
 OPINIONS
• It is important to have a healthy
discussion on issues
• It is not helpful if critics do not know
how to listen to the defense of those
who agree with this opinion
 How to critically examine Opinions?
• Pass to the test of justification
• Whoever make the opinion must be
able to ARGUE for it in the most
reasonable way.
• CLARIFY what an argument is.
 CLARIFY what an argument is.
*Is a group of statements
that serve to support a
conclusion.
“ There is no hope
in the Philippines.”
 “ There is no hope in the
Philippines because many
officials are corrupt and Filipino
voters continue to vote them.”
 CLARIFY what an argument is.
*It is composed of a
CLAIM AND PREMISES.
“ Clearly, not all arguments are good
and genuine. Logic studies and
elaborates on good and genuine
argumentation from false ones.
 Among the many fallacies
enumerated in logic, here are some of
the most common ones.
a. Argumentun ad Hominem( Argument against the person)
b. Argumentum Ad Baculum ( Appeal to Force)
c. Argumentum ad Misericordiam ( Appeal to pity)
d. Argumentum ad populum ( Bandwagon Fallacy)
a. Argumentun ad Hominem
( Argument against the person)
• Used when people convince others
that someone’s argumentum
should be rejected because of the
person’s personal background
a. Argumentun ad Hominem
( Argument against the person)
• It is fallacious because the rightness
or wrongness of a claim should not
be affected by the background of
the person claiming it.
b. Argumentun ad Baculum
( Appeal to force)
• This is an argument used by the
people who want to win a conflict
by issuing threats to their
argument.
c. Argumentun ad misericordiam
( Appeal to pity)
• This fallacy is also called appeal to
emotion. It is an argument used by
people who want to people over
manipulating their emotions.This is
a favourite tactic of politicians.
d. Argumentun ad populum
( Bandwagon Fallacy)
• This fallacious argument is a
favorite marketing strategy by
advertising agencies. It is used by
appealing o the popular sentiment
of the public.
Summary:
Opinions are statements of judgement of a
person about something in the world. We
should critically examine the opinion and
its supporting arguments but on deep
introspection e actually fallacious.
“ IMPOSING DRESS CODES
IN SCHOOL IS A
RESTRICTION OF
FREEDOM.”
Research the life of RENE
DESCARTES and his
contributions in the
history of Philosophy.