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 Irigasi Curah atau Sprinkler
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IRIGASI LAHAN KERING
NADYA APROLESTARI
01 F1A016115

MUHAMMAD YUWAN FANANI

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 Irigasi Curah atau Sprinkler
Irigasi secara umum didefenisikan sebagai penggunaan air pada tanah untuk
keperluan penyediaan cairan yang dibutuhkan untuk pertumbuhan tanam– tanaman.
Pemberian air irigasi dapat dilakukan dalam lima cara: (1) dengan penggenangan
(flooding); (2) dengan menggunakan alur, besar atau kecil; (3) dengan menggunakan
air di bawah permukaan tanah melalui sub irigasi, sehingga menyebabkan permukaan
air tanah naik; (4) dengan penyiraman (sprinkling); atau dengan sistem cucuran
(trickle) (Hansen, 1986).
Irigasi Curah atau Sprinkler
 Irigasi Curah atau Sprinkler

Sistem irigasi sprinkler merupakan salah satu alternatif metode pemberian air dengan efi
siensi pemberian air lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan irigasi permukaan (surface irrigatio
n). Pada metoda irigasi curah, air irigasi diberikan dengan cara menyemprotkan air ke ud
ara dan menjatuhkannya di sekitar tanaman seperti hujan. Penyemprotan dibuat dengan
mengalirkan air bertekanan melalui orifice kecil atau nozzle. Tekanan biasanya didapatka
n dengan pemompaan.
 Komponen Irigasi Curah

Sumber energi untuk

01 Sumber air irigasi 02 03 Jaringan pipa
pengairan

dapat berasal dari m dapat berasal dari gr terdiri dari:

ata air, sumber air y avitasi, pemompaan a) Lateral
ang permanen (sung pada sumber air, atau b) Manifold
ai, danau, dan seba penguatan tekanan d c) Valve line
gainya), sumur, atau engan menggunakan d) Supply line
suatu sistem suplai r pompa penguat tekan
egional an (booster pump).
 Komponen Irigasi Curah
Pengertian Masing-Masing Jenis Jaringan Pipa

a) Lateral, yaitu pipa yang merupakan tempat diletakannya pencurah. Pipa lateral
biasanya tersedia di pasaran dengan ukuran panjang 5, 6 atau 12 meter setiap
potongnya. Setiap potongan pipa dilengkapi dengan quick coupling untuk
mempermudah dan mempercepat proses menyambung dan melepas pipa.

b) Manifold, yaitu pipa yang merupakan tempat dihubungkannya pipa lateral.

c) Valve line, yaitu pipa yang merupakan tempat diletakannya katup air.

d) Supply line, yaitu pipa yang menyalurkan air dari sumber air.
 Komponen Irigasi Curah
Skema Umum Jaringan Irigasi Curah
 Komponen Irigasi Curah
Pipa manifold dapat dibuat permanen di atas atau di bawah permukaan tanah,
dapat pula berpindah (portable) dari satu lahan ke lahan yang lain. Pipa beton tidak
cocok untuk tekanan tinggi. Untuk pipa manifold yang berpindah, pipa biasanya
terbuat dari almunium. Sedangkan untuk pipa manifold yang ditanam, umumnya
dipasang pada kedalaman 0,75 m di bawah permukaan tanah. Pipa manifold
berdiameter antara 75 – 200 mm. Pipa lateral berdiameter lebih kecil dari pipa
manifold, umumnya lateral berdiameter 50 – 125 mm. Pipa lateral biasanya tersedia
di pasaran dengan ukuran panjang 5, 6 atau 12 meter setiap potongnya. Jenis pipa
yang biasa digunakan baik sebagai pipa lateral, manifold, maupun pipa utama antara
lain GIP, PVC, PE, dan Alumunium.
Sistem irigasi curah dapat digunakan untuk hampir semua tanaman kecuali
padi dan yute, pada hampir semua jenis tanah. Akan tetapi tidak cocok untuk tanah
bertekstur liat halus, dimana laju infiltrasi kurang dari 4 mm/jam dan atau kecepatan
angin lebih besar dari 13 km/jam (Keller, 1990)
Komponen Irigasi Curah
 Komponen Irigasi Curah
Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) dari Idaho mengklasifikasikan sistem irig
asi curah berdasarkan tekanan operasional pencurah yang digunakan. Klasifikasi tersebut di
sajikan pada Tabel 2. Sedangkan Hansen, et al (1979) mengklasifikasikan sistem irigasi spr
inkler berdasarkan tekanan operasional unit pompa yang digunakan. Klasifikasi tersebut dis
ajikan pada tabel 3.
Komponen Irigasi Curah
 Tahapan Perencanaan Irigasi Curah
Untuk merancang bangun suatu sistem irigasi curah, disarankan untuk mengikuti prosedur sebagai
berikut:

1. Kumpulkan informasi/data mengenai tanah, topografi, sumber air, sumber tenaga, jenis
tanaman yang akan di tanam dan rencana jadwal tanam
2. Penentuan kebutuhan air irigasi :
a. Prediksi jumlah atau kedalaman air irigasi yang diperlukan pada setiap pemberian air
b. Tentukan kebutuhan air irigasi: puncak, harian, musiman atau tahunan
c. Tentukan frekuensi atau interval irigasi
d. Tentukan kapasitas sistem yang diperlukan
e. Tentukan laju pemberian air yang optimal
 Tahapan Perencanaan Irigasi Curah
3. Desain sistem :
a. Tentukan spasing, debit, ukuran nozle dan tekanan operasi dari sprinkler pada kondisi laju
pemberian air yang optimal serta jumlah sprinkler yang dioperasikan
secara bersamaan
b. Desain tata-letak dari sistem yang terbaik yang memenuhi (a)
c. Bila diperlukan lakukan penyesuaian (adjusment) dari (2) dan (3a)
d. Tentukan ukuran (diameter) dan tekanan pipa lateral
e. Tentukan ukuran (diameter) dan tekanan pipa utama
4. Penentuan pompa :
a. Tentukan total tenaga dinamik (TDH) yang diperlukan
b. Tentukan pompa yang sesuai dengan debit dan TDH yang diperlukan
 Contoh Perhitungan Irigasi Curah
Tentukan rancang bangun sistim irigasi sprinkler berpindah untuk lahan seluas 16,2 ha. Laju pemberian
maksimum = 15 mm/jam, laju pemberian 58 mm selama 8,1 hari atau seluas 2 ha per hari. Kecepatan
angin = 6,7 km/jam, Ha = 276 kPa, Hj = 1,0 m, He = 0,6 m, Hs = 5,0 m, Hr = 0,8 m, NPSH = 2,0 m,
Sl = 12 m dan Sm = 18 m. Variasi tekanan di lateral yang diijinkan = 20 % dari tekanan rata-rata. Sumur
terletak di tengah lahan.
 Contoh Perhitungan Irigasi Curah
Penyelesaian:

Tata letak dari sprinkler, lateral dan pipa utama adalah seperti Gambar 40 berikut.
 Contoh Perhitungan Irigasi Curah
Asumsi bahwa sprinkler pertama berjarak 12 m dari pipa utama, maka jumlah sprinkler per lateral
= (201.2 – 12)/12 = 15,8 , dibulatkan menjadi 16 buah

Asumsi bahwa lateral pertama berjarak 12 m dari sisi, maka jumlah lateral = (402,5 – 12)/18 = 21,
7 , dibulatkan menjadi 22 buah.

(1) Jumlah lateral yang beroperasi per hari : (2,0 ha x 10000 m2/ha)/(16 x 12 m x 18 m) = 5,8 ,
dibulatkan menjadi 6 buah lateral

Untuk menekan jumlah lateral yang dipindahkan, maka dapat dipilih 2 buah lateral yang
beroperasi bersamaan dan dipindahkan 3 kali per hari.
 Contoh Perhitungan Irigasi Curah
(2) Sprinkler :

Debit per sprinkler Q = (12 m x 18 m x 15 mm/hr x 10000 cm2/m2)/(10 mm/cm x 100 cm3/lt x 360
0 det/jam) = 0,9 lt/det
Debit per lateral = 16 x 0.9 = 14,4 lt/det
Debit per operasi = kapasitas sistem = 2 x 14,4 = 28,8 lt/det

Dari Tabel 11.4, dengan Ha= 276 kPa dan debit 0,9 lt/det, sprinkler yang sesuai adalah yang beru
kuran 6,35 mm x 3, 97 mm dengan diameter pembahasan 31 m.

Kecepatan angin 6 km/jam :

diameter pembasahan sprinkler sepanjang lateral = 12/0,45 = 27 m . diameter pembahasan sprin
kler antar lateral = 18/0,69 = 30 m . Keduanya < 31 m, maka sprinkler dapat digunakan.
 Contoh Perhitungan Irigasi Curah
(3) Pipa lateral dan utama

Kehilangan tekanan di lateral yang diijinkan = 0,20 x 276 = 55,2 kPa = 55,2/9,8 = 5,6 m
Kehilangan tekanan karena gesekan saja = 5,6 – He = 5,6 – 0,6 = 5,0 m
Kehilangan tekanan di pipa utama yang diijinkan = 0,41/10 x 189 = 7,7 m
Dengan persamaan /11.15/ hitung kehilangan tekanan pada pipa lateral (192 m) dan pipa utama (
189 m) untuk pipa 76,2 mm, 101,6 mm dan 127,0 mm. Nilai F untuk 16
sprinkler = 0,38

Dipilih pipa lateral yang berdiameter 101,6 mm (3,2 m < 5,0 m) dan pipa utama yang
berdiameter 127,0 mm (2,7 < 7,7)
 Contoh Perhitungan Irigasi Curah
(4) Tekanan yang diperlukan pada pangkal lateral terjauh

Hn = (276/9,8) + 0,75(3,2) + 0,6(0,6) + 0,8 = 31,8 m

(5) Kapasitas pompa

Ht = 31,8 + 2,0 + 2,7 + 1,0 + 5,0 = 42,5 m

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