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• Compression
F
Effect: Decrease in volume
and it has a voltage with
the same polarity as the
material
F
• Tension
Effect: Increase in volume
and it has a voltage with
opposite polarity as the
material
The Inverse Piezoelectric Effect
• Man-made crystals:
Gallium orthophosphate (GaPO4), Langasite (La3Ga5SiO14)
• Man-made ceramics:
Barium titanate (BaTiO3), Lead titanate (PbTiO3), Lead zirconate
titanate (Pb[ZrxTi1-x]O3 0<x<1) - More commonly known as PZT,
Potassium niobate (KNbO3), Lithium niobate (LiNbO3), Lithium
tantalate (LiTaO3), Sodium tungstate (NaxWO3), Ba2NaNb5O5,
Pb2KNb5O15
• Polymers:
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
Sonic and Ultrasonic Applications
• Sonar with Ultrasonic
time-domain
reflectometers
• Materials testing to detect
flaws inside cast metals
and stone objects as well
as measure elasticity or
viscosity in gases and
liquids
• Compact sensitive
microphones and guitar
pickups.
• Loudspeakers
Pressure Applications
• Transient pressure measurement to
study explosives, internal combustion
engines (knock sensors), and any
other vibrations, accelerations, or
impacts.
• Piezoelectric microbalances are used
as very sensitive chemical and
biological sensors.
• Transducers are used in electronic
drum pads to detect the impact of the
drummer's sticks.
• Energy Harvesting from impact on the
ground
• Atomic force and scanning tunneling
microscopes.
• Electric igniters and cigarette lighters
Consumer Electronics Applications
• Quartz crystals resonators as
frequency stabilizers for
oscillators in all computers.
• Phonograph pick-ups
• Accelerometers: In a
piezoelectric accelerometer a
mass is attached to a spring
that is attached to a
piezoelectric crystal. When
subjected to vibration the
mass compresses and
stretches the piezo electric
crystal. (iPhone)
Motor Applications
• Piezoelectric elements can be
used in laser mirror alignment,
where their ability to move a large
mass (the mirror mount) over
microscopic distances is exploited.
By electronically vibrating the
mirror it gives the light reflected
off it a Doppler shift to fine tune
the laser's frequency.
• The piezo motor is viewed as a
high-precision replacement for the
stepper motor.
• Traveling-wave motors used for
auto-focus in cameras.
Our Experiment