The previous is for manual operated regulator.

The Automatic Self Operated Regulator.

Three elements in this case are: -
1. Sensing Measuring element: diaphragm bourden
tube etc.
2. Restricting Element: Variable restriction in valve, it
could be single port, double port etc.
3. Loading Element: Weight spring etc.
Basic Principle of Operation:
Downward Force = 100 lbs
Diaphragm Area = Area of Diaphragm = 10 in2
Downstream Pressure = Set Pressure = 10 psig
Upward Force = P2 × A = 10 × 10 = 100

System is in Equilibrium

Weight Diaphragm

Valve
 Regulator Performance Characteristics

Out Let Pressure

Regulation Curve

Rate of Flow

The above curve shows the ideal performance of a regulator.

Actual performance of the regulator differs from this curve.
The curve deviates from its ideal behavior due to following
reasons
(i) Diaphragm Effects
(ii) Spring Effects
(iii) Body Effects
B- Actual Performance : -

Diaphragm Effects : -
The diaphragm effects arises
due to change in the effective
diaphragm area as the valve
travels

The Upward Force = Fu = Diaphragm Area × D/S Pressure

The Downward Force = Weight
Dr = Effective Diaphragm Area
Let Initial Diaphragm Area = 10 in2 in initial position when
the valve is almost in a closed position
Fu = Fd => 10 = Ad × P(D/S)
10 = 10 × P so P(D/S) = 1.0 psi
 Later when regulator valve is in open position the effective
diaphragm area increases. Let it be now
Ad = 12
Fu = Ad × P
10 = 12 × P
So P = 10 / 12 = 0.833 psi
The Curve will look like

Ideal
Out let Pressure

Diaphragm Effect

Rate of Flow
 How to Reduce Diaphragm Effects:
1. Use Larger Diaphragms
2. Use Roll-Out Diaphragm to keep the effective
Diaphragm Area Constant.
Spring Effects : -
In a self operated regulator spring is used as a loading
force. Let us see the behavior of a spring having spring
constant (K) = 5 lbs

Initial Diaphragm Area = 10 in2

The Spring is Compressed to = 2 in2
Force Produced = 10 lbs if the diaphragm did not move downwards
Let us assume the diaphragm moves 0.2 in (Valve travel) for full open condition
In this condition the spring has not compressed to 2 inches, but in fact it has
compressed 0.2 inches lesser
The less force exerted by the spring = 0.2 × 5 lbs/inch = 1 lbs
Fu = Fd
Fd = K × Compression = 5 × (2 – 0.2) = 9 lbs
Fu = Ad × P
9 = 12 × P
or P = 0.75 which is less than the pressure due to diaphragm
effect alone
Body Effect: Effect of turbulence between diaphragm and
point of measurement on D/S pressure.

} Diaphragm Effects
Out let Pressure

} Spring Effects
} Body Effects

Rate of Flow
Inlet Pressure Effects: The inlet pressure acts on the front side
of the regulator seat, whereas outlet pressure acts on its back.
The force due to differential pressure acts in the direction of the
force exerted by the diaphragm i.e. this force should be added to
the upward force., which means that as the inlet pressure will
increase from the initial conditions.
Example: -
Area of Seat = As = 1 in2
Inlet Pressure = 10 psig
Outlet Pressure = 1 psig
Fu = Fd
(Upward Force) = (Downward Force)
Force on Seat + Force on Diaphragm = Force of Weight /
Spring
As (Pi – Po) + Ad × Po = Force of Weight / Spring
1 (10 – 1) + 10 × 1 = 19 = Force of Spring or Weight
Now if the inlet pressure is increased to 11 psig what happens
to the outlet pressure
Fu = Fd
1 (11 – Po) + 10 (Po) = 19
Po = 8 / 9 = 0.89
This means that outlet pressure decreases with an increase of
inlet pressure by 1 psig. This is the reason that :
 Appliances regulator have narrow inlet pressure limits and
have relatively larger diaphragm areas in comparison to the
seat area.
 High pressure regulators such as our domestic regulators
have smaller orifice sizes
 High pressure large capacity regulators imposes limits on
inlet pressure with respect to the orifice size to be used.
Body Effects: It is normally the impinging effect of flow of
gas on the diaphragm giving an additional upward force.

The downstream pressure immediately after the valve is

imposed on the diaphragm. The impact pressure due to flow
impinges on the diaphragm is produced which tend to close
the regulator valve.
Zero Flow: The hard seat does not provide complete lockup at
zero / low flows. The soft seats provide complete lockup at
zero flow.
Boosting Outlet Pressure: All effects such as diaphragm effect,
spring effect and body effect tend to reduce the outlet
pressure from the set point.
} Diaphragm Effects
Out let Pressure

} Spring Effects
} Body Effects

Rate of Flow

In order to overcome this short coming a technique called

Boosting outlet pressure is used. The pressure at the bottom of
the diaphragm is reduced by causing an aspiration effect.
In this design a restriction
has been constructed in
the flow of gas stream
after the valve. The
increased velocity tend to
cause low pressure
resulting in loss of
pressure under the
diaphragm, which helps
to enhance outlet
pressure.
Valve Body: -
 Main fluid boundary and
pressure containing
component
 Secures internal parts (Trim
Components) and end
connections
Bonnet: -
 It is also a major pressure
containing component and
fluid boundary
 Bolted or threaded onto the
main valve body
 Guides valve stem
 Provide means to mount an
actuator
Trim: -
 All internal process wetted components e.g. valve plug,
valve plug stem, cage, seat ring, plug sealing rings
Gaskets: -
 Bonnet Gasket (Provide sealing between body and bonnet)
 Cage Gasket (Provide sealing between bonnet and cage ))

 Seat Ring Gasket (Provide Sealing between seat ring and body )
Packing: -
 Prevents leakage between valve plug stem and bonnet
ANSI Class Body and Bonnet
PRESSURE &TEMPERATURE Ratings
Various Types of Regulator Loading
and Principles of Operations

1.Self Operated Regulator

2.Pilot Operated Regulator
1. Self Operated Regulator: -
Spring / Weight Loading
 2 Pilot Operated Regulators:
Constant Pressure Loading:

This loading system enables to reduce spring and diaphragm

effects because: -
(i) Use of spring has been eliminated by a gas pressure
(ii) Gas pressure on both sides of the diaphragm allow use of
larger sized diaphragm to reduce diaphragm effect.
Pilot Control Variable Pressure Loading:

•It is combination of gas loading and pilot control

•It senses the outlet pressure and correspondingly varies the
loading pressure
•If the pipeline pressure decreases, the pilot opens, increasing
the pressure on top of the main diaphragm
•Downstream pressure simultaneously acts beneath the
diaphragms of the main regulator and the pilot to give quick
speed of response.
• Main diaphragm is thin because of gas pressure on its both
sides.
This system has a drawback for high pressure operation. As
the pipeline pressure increases, the pilot tends to close. If the
pilot closes completely, the gas over the diaphragm bleeds
off and pipeline pressure under the diaphragm can cause
rupture in the diaphragm.

Variable Pressure Loading – Bleed to Line:

• It has bleed in line
• Pilot uses two diaphragms
• A valve closing spring has been provided
• This loading system allows high pressure operation
• Loading pressure is inside both diaphragm so the effect of
changing loading pressure is cancelled out due to two
diaphragms
441-57S Roll-Out Diaphragm Regulator
As the downstream pressure
decreases below the set point. The
force on the lower side of the
diaphragm decreases than the
force of the spring
As a result the spring force
pushes the plug downwards (double
seated, balanced plug), which allows
flow of gas from inlet to outlet
The flow of gas from inlet
increases pressure in the
downstream piping which eventually
increases pressure on the bottom
of the diaphragm
As this pressure has increases to
the level of set point the pressure
on the diaphragm becomes greater
than spring force, closing the plug.
Fisher 299H Series Regulator,
Operation Schematic
When outlet pressure is less
than the set point . The top
side of the pilot diaphragm
assembly ‘F’ will have a lower
pressure than the setting of
the control spring ‘A’.
The control spring ‘A’ forces
the diaphragm assembly upward, opening the pilot orifice ‘C’.
Additional loading pressure is supplied from the pilot orifice to the
top side of the main diaphragm ‘E’
This creates a higher pressure on the top side of the main
diaphragm ‘E’ than on the bottom side, forcing the diaphragm
downward. This motion is transmitted through a lever, which pulls the
valve disk open, allowing inlet pressure to flow through the valve.
When demand in the downstream has been satisfied, outlet pressure
increases. This increased pressure is transmitted through the
downstream control line and acts on pilot diaphragm ‘F’. Closing it.
Installation of 441-57S
Regulator as Monitor

Both the sketches show the monitor

in the downstream position when
installed in this way, the 441-57S is
usually set for an outlet pressure 2 –
4 psi higher than the operating
regulator and thus is wide open during
normal operation.
The monitor can be located
upstream, with this arrangement, the
regulator is usually set for an outlet
somewhat higher than the above.
These regulators have a fast
response and therefore will take
control quickly in case of emergency.
Fisher 399 Pilot Operated
As long as the outlet pressure
Regulators is above the set point, the pilot
valve plug or disk remains closed.
Inlet pressure bleeding
through the type112 restrictor
provides loading pressure to keep
the main diaphragm TSO.
When outlet pressure
decreases below set point, the
pilot plug opens.
Loading pressure bleeds
downstream through the pilot
faster than it is replaced
through 112 restrictor.
This reduces pressure on the
main diaphragm and
399diaphragm is opened slightly
to allow flow, increases
downstream pressure.
Fisher 399 Pilot Operated Downstream Wide-Open
(Standby) Monitoring System
Regulators
The upstream regulator is in
working condition and the
downstream monitoring
regulator opens only far
enough to pass the required
flow and changes position with
each flow rate change. The
upstream working regulator
automatically supplies the
correct intermediate pressure
required to keep the
downstream monitoring
regulator open to the correct
position
 Operation of Two Sets of Regulators at TBSs

 Regulator orifices must be carefully selected. Larger

orifice in a regulator can handle lower pressures but
can provide larger flows, whereas smaller orifices
can handle larger inlet pressures but lower flows.
Normally maximum inlet pressures are marked with
thick lines on the capacity tables.
Iflarger orifices are used at high pressure, regulator will not
give a tight lock-up.
Calculation of Regulator Capacity of Rockwell Regulators:
Q = K √ (Pi (Pi – Po)) when Pi/Po >1
Q = K Pi / Z when Pi/Po <1
K = valve constant given in the regulator
brochures.
CLASSIFICATION
 BASED ON  BASED ON
WORKING APPLICATION
PRINCIPLE 1. SERVICE REGULATORS

1. SPRING LOADING 2. FIELD REGULATORS

REGULATORS
3. MEDIUM SIZE INDUSTRIAL
2. PILOT LOADING REGULATORS
REGULATORS
4. LARGE SIZE INDUSTRIAL
REGULATORS
3. INSTRUMENT GAS
LOADING REGULATORS
SPRING LOADING
REGULATORS
PAK B-36R

RW-043 B-32R

RW-042 S-402

RW-141 RW-441

RW-461 BIGJOE-630
SPRING LOADED REGULATORS
SPRING LOADED REGULATORS
PILOT LOADING
REGULATORS
FISHER-EZR FISHER-299H

CL-31R FISHER-399

1813 MOONEY

CL-34 RW-243-8
PILOT LOADING REGULATORS
INSTRUMENT GAS
LOADING REGULATORS

FISHER-657

USED AT LARGE CAPACITY

TBS’S
CMS’S
SMS’S
INSTRUMENT GAS LOADING
REGULATORS

PICS
SERVICE REGULATORS
PAK 6’’ WC
RW-043 14’’ WC
1813 2 PSIG
S-402 2 PSIG
CL-31R 8 PSIG
B-32R 5 PSIG
B-36R 8 PSIG
RW-042 12 PSIG
FIELD REGULATORS

RW-042-M 50-100 PSIG

RW-141 50-100 PSIG

BIGJOE-630 50-100 PSIG

MEDIUM SIZE INDUSTRIAL
REGULATORS

CL-34 8-12 PSIG

RW-243-8 8-15 PSIG

FISHER-299H 8-15 PSIG

LARGE SIZE INDUSTRIAL
REGULATORS

FISHER-EZR 20-100 PSIG

FISHER-399 20-100 PSIG

RW-461 20-100 PSIG

RW-441 20-100 PSIG

MOONEY 20-100 PSIG

Electronic Volume Correctors
WHY WE USE VOLUME CORRECTORS ?
The gas meters measure volumes at the metering pressures. The correction
factors such as pressure factor, temperature factor, and super
compressibility factor need to be applied on the volume recorded by the
meter in order to get the corrected volume at base conditions.Volume
Correctors convert the actual volume of gas measured by gas meters to
reference conditions. Conversion is based on measurement of values of
volume, pressure and temperature by using the formula:

Vb = V x P/Pb x Tb/T x Zb/Z

where

Vb = Converted volume
V = Primary volume ( from LF or HF meter output )
T = Absolute gas temperature at measurement conditions
Tb= Absolute temperature at base conditions
p = Absolute pressure at measurement conditions
pb= Absolute pressure at base conditions
Z = Gas compressibility factor at measurement conditions
Zb= Gas compressibility factor at base conditions 44
 Emcorrectors: A mechanical Volume
Corrector

Prior to the use of EVCs

Emcorrectors were used

Emcorrectors are actually mechanical Correctors which senses and

apply the metering pressure on the uncorrected volume and gives
corrected volume.

Emcorrectors were not capable of applying Temperature factor

45
Electronic Volume Correctors
1. Electronic Volume Correctors
are capable of applying
pressure and Temp. factor
2. Electronic Volume Correctors
have logging capabilities
3. Electronic Volume Correctors
have quick response
4. It can detect meter tampering
5. Logged Parameters prove
beneficial in determining
overloading and other
instances
6. Much more accurate
46
EMCORRECTORS
1. Emcorrectors were not capable
of applying Temperature
factor
2. Emcorrectos had no logging
capabilities
3. Emcorrectors had much more
response time
4. Meter Tampering evidences
were not detectable
5. It does not have such
capabilities
6. Less accurate
7. Mechanical Recorders were
becoming obsolete
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF EVC
o EVC is a dedicated microcomputer that takes metered volume in the
form of pulses and uses transducers to measure gas pressure and
temperature and hence corrects the metered volume.
o Analog signals of gas pressure, gas temperature etc. are multiplexed
through the A/D converter and sent to the microprocessor for
processing. The microprocessor converts the digitized analog signals to
an equivalent numeric value and stores this information in memory.
o If any of the measured parameters are out of range, the
microprocessor jumps to an alarm subroutine.
o After the alarm subroutine is complete, or if no alarm conditions are
present, the microprocessor computes new correction factors based on
the new measurements and parameters already in memory. Parameters
in memory are items such as; Base Pressure, Base Temperature, Specific
Gravity, etc. The new correction factors are then applied to the
uncorrected volume input to obtain the corrected volume. The amount
of corrected volume just calculated is added to the totalized corrected
volume. 47
 When the microprocessor has completed the updating of its memory registers, it
will update the LCD with the new corrected volume information.

Mechanical
Drive / Counter

Pressure Transducer
Pulser

LCD Screen

Temperature
Transducer
A/D Driver / Receiver
MICROCONTROLLER RS 484 RS 485 Bus
Converter

EPROM
Memory
 The device obtains data on the gas flowing through via impulses (N) from an LF or HF sensor located
in the gas meter.
 The volume at the measuring conditions (V) is calculated from the number of impulses (N) and gas
meter constant (kp).
The device obtains other data on the gas flowing through from the temperature and pressure converters
– gas temperature (t) and absolute pressure at measuring conditions (p). This data is used to calculate the
conversion coefficient (C) which is influenced also by these other factors: Absolute temperature at base
conditions (Tb),
 absolute pressure at base conditions (pb) and compressible factor of the gas at base conditions (Zb).
Volume at measuring conditions (operational volume):
 Gas compressibility degree:
 Conversion coefficient:
Volume at base conditions (standardized volume):
Gas compressibility factor expresses the deviation of properties of natural gas from the properties of an
ideal gas. By setting the parameters, it is possible to choose a specific method for calculation of the
compressibility factor pursuant to the standard (AGA NX-19 mod, AGA8-G1, AGA8-G2, SGERG-88 or
AGA8-92DC). A constant
compressibility value can be used for other gases besides natural gas. If the pressure or temperature
49
value gets out of the limits of validity of the chosen standard for calculation of compressibility, the device
calculates using a default compressibility value.
Operation of EVCs
V unc,Vflt,err
Alarm
Volume

If P or T violated the
P T limits/range

V unc,Vb,
Micro C Volume
Proces If P or T updated in
sor within the memory
A/D limits and then on
Conver. LCD

Low Batt
Alarm

Firm
ware
 EL-GAS EVCS
Normal Condition ERROR CONDITION

Pulse V
Pulse V

Ve
Ve

P Pd
C
Vb Td C
T Vb

Veb
Veb

51
 DRESSER EVCS
Normal Condition ERROR CONDITION

Pulse V
Pulse V

Vf
Vf

P P
C
Vb C
T T Vb

52
Defined mode with life cycle of the
supply battery 4 years:

 • Archiving period of the data archive 1 hr

 • Communication with device 2 min/day
 • Showing on the display 2 min/day
 • Period of input impulses ≤10 Hz
 • Measuring period 15 s
 • Surrounding temperature 25 °C

53
EVC COMPONENTS

An EVC typically consists of

 enclosure
 index or pulse-input device (normally a reed switch which senses a
magnet passing by it and generates a pulse against each magnet rotation )
 pressure transducer (a device used to convert the pressure into
electrical signals)
 temperature transducer (a device used to convert temperature into
electrical signals, usually an RTD, Resistance Temperature Detector)
 display
 keypad
 electronic circuit boards
 communication port
 power supply

54
EVC COMPONENTS

55
Accuracy

. Computation: ±0.3% of corrected volume reading

. Pressure transducer: ±0.4% of full scale

. Temperature Sensor: ±1.0°F.

. Combined computation: ±0.5% of full scale

(pressure & temperature)

56
METER READING THROUGH LCD
DRESSER EVCs
The LCD display is permanently active. Depending on the configuration of
the unit, following parameters can be displayed on the LCD.
 Corrected Volume
 Uncorrected Volume
 Correction Factor
 Drive Rate
 Line Pressure
 Temperature
 Uncorrected Volume Under Fault
 Base Pressure
 Pressure Factor
 Atmospheric Pressure

57
 Flow Rate
 Supercomressibility
 Battery Voltage
 Current Date
 Current Time
 Corrected Residual
 Uncorrected Residual
 Firmware Version
Corrected and uncorrected volume may be scaled by a factor of 10 or
100 to enable synchronization with mechanical counters.
It is possible to specify which parameters are displayed on the LCD
and which one is displayed by default. We select the corrected volume
as the default parameter during initial configuration of the units.
However in the event of an error condition the display defaults to give
an error message.
In alarm and/or fault conditions a message is displayed on the LCD 58
indicating the nature of the alarm/fault.
59
LCD AND ALARM CONDITIONS
LCD Alarm Alarm Condition Additional
Code Symbols
HP AL HIGH PRESSURE ALARM N/A
LP AL LOW PRESSURE ALARM N/A
Ht AL HIGH TEMP. ALARM N/A
Lt AL LOW TEMP. ALARM N/A
HF AL HIGH FLOW ALARM N/A
LF AL LOW FLOW ALARM N/A

LCD Fault Code Fault Condition Additional

Symbols
Lo bAtt LOW BATTERY BATTERY ICON
P FLt PRESSURE FAULT ALARM BELL ICON
T FLt TEMPERATURE FAULT ALARM BELL ICON
Int FLt INTERNAL OPERATIONS ALARM
60
BELL ICON
FAULT
ERROR AND ALARM CODES
The Error code is a decimal representation of a number built from
a series of flags where each flag represents a single bit in an 8 bit
binary number.
The flags are set on the occurrence of any of these events and
remain until cleared.

Flag Value Condition

HIGH PRESSURE 1 >1.2 * Full Scale
LOW PRESSURE 2 < 0.8 barA or <-0.2 barG
HIGH TEMPERATURE 4 > 65 deg C
LOW TEMPERATURE 8 < -45 deg C
WATCHDOG 16 Timeout
CORRECTION FACTOR 32 Any pressure or temp. fault
Z CALCULATION 64 Z<0.9 or Z>1.1
LOW BATTERY 132 Low battery
61
MERCURY EVCs

The LCD of Mercury EVCs (Model Mini-Max AT) can display any Mini-
Max item but we configure it to display the corrected volume by default.
The LCD is also used to indicate alarm conditions and to display the
items in the Meter Reader List. Normally we configure the Meter Reader
List to display the following parameters

 Corrected Volume
 Uncorrected Volume
 Drive Rate
 Unit Serial Number
 Live Pressure
 Live Temperature
 Battery Voltage

The LCD will display decimal points between each numerical digit when 62
the instrument has recognized an alarm.
63
MINI-MAX ALARM CODES

ALARM DESCRIPTION ITEM E CODE

CODE
MAIN BATTERY LOW 099 .0.9.9.

INDEX SWITCH #1 FAULT 102 .1.0.2.

INDEX SWITCH #2 FAULT 103 .1.0.3.

A/D FAULT 104 .1.0.4.

PRESSURE LOW 143 .1.4.3.

TEMPERATURE LOW 144 .1.4.4.

PRESSURE HIGH 145 .1.4.5.

TEMPERATURE HIGH 146 .1.4.6.

DAILY CORRECTED VOLUME 222 .2.2.2.

REPLACE MAIN BATTERY .H.E.L.P. .H.E.L.P.

64
El-Gas EVCs
The LCD display is normally in-active/off. On Pressing either of two available
buttons the LCD display becomes active/on. It has two list of parameters
that can be displayed on the LCD by pressing respective Buttons. The
following parameters can be displayed on the LCD.

FIRST LIST
 Base Volume Vb
 Primary Volume V
 Gauge Pressure
 Absolute Pressure
 Temperature
 Compressibility Factor
 Correction Factor
 Status

65
Second List
 Error Base Volume eVb
 Error Primary Volume eV
 Flow Rate
 Gas Meter Constant: Drive Rate
 %age Composition
 Time and Date
 %age Battery Power

 In alarm and/or fault conditions a message is displayed on the LCD

indicating the nature of the alarm/fault.

 The Error volume is generated in the event when pressure / temperature

of the flowing gas goes beyond the set limits

 In the event of error volume, there is no mismatch

 The Pressure limits are being set 18 – 150 psig so, if a EVC is to be installed
at sites where line pressure is likely to go beyond this limit then please
advise to change the limits
66
67
 EL-Gas EVCs
 Indication of Error State:
 St 000000 (Normal, No Error)
 St 100000 (Pressure Limits Exceeded)
 St 010000 (Temperature Limits Exceeded)
 St 001000 (Max Flow Rate Exceeded)
 St 000100 (Drop of Battery below 10%)
 St 000010
 St 000001 (Hardware Error)
DATA DOWNLOADING USING COMPUTER
DRESSER EVCs

The micro correctors models MC & IMC have a non-volatile (EEPROM)

memory and on battery failure will retain the totals obtained within the last
hour of operation and all settings of the corrector. These will be available
and ready for use as soon as power is restored. Data is continually stored
in memory with following capacity:

 840 hourly logs

 48 daily logs
 15 monthly logs

The audit log is updated whenever a parameter identity value is changed or

user calibration occurs. Up to 128 audit logs can be stored.

70
 The data logging facility in Dresser EVCs model MC2 and IMC/C2 provides
the operator with 3 independent operator configurable logging periods.
The total number of logs depends on the configuration of both the log
parameters and logging periods.
A data log may contain any of the following information.

 Corrected Volume
 Uncorrected Volume
 Correction Factor
 Uncorrected Volume Under Fault
 Line Pressure
 Temperature
 Average Corrected Flow Rate
 Peak Corrected Flow Rate

71
DRESSER EVCs INSTALLED OVER THE METERS

72
MERCURY EVCs

The Mercury EVC Model Mini-Max AT records operational information

of 40 days on an hourly or daily basis. At the beginning of each interval,
the instrument records four items into memory. We configure the
following four Audit Trail Report Items for Audit Trail Memory.
(Any Mini-Max item can be selected for the Audit Trail)

1. Corrected Volume
2. Uncorrected Volume
3. Interval Average Pressure
4. Interval Average Temperature

73
MERCURY EVC INSTALLED OVER A METER

74
ELSTER EVCs

ARCHIVES
The EK 210 & EK230 have three archives:

Logbook (event logbook);

Here, the last 250 status changes are archived.

Changes logbook (audit trail);

Here, the last 200 settings changes are archived.

Measurement period archive;

Here, the counter readings and measurements are archived in the cycle of
the measurement period. The archive has 1500 data rows, corresponding to
a memory depth of about 2 months for a measurement period of 60
minutes. 75
 EVC READING DIGITS
EVC TYPE Manufact CORRECTED READING UNCORRECTED VOLUM
urer READING E UNITS
DRESSER Dresser 9 DIGITS 9 DIGITS ft3
Inc. 12345678 × 10 12345678 × 10 or m3
Dresser Inc. 9 DIGITS 9 DIGITS ft3
DRESSER 1234567 × 100 1234567 × 100
(Older Version of (only if installed on 16M & above meter for other above configuration applies)
EVC/IMC )
Dresser Inc. 8 DIGITS 8 DIGITS m3
12345678 × 1 12345678 × 1
MERCURY Mercury 9 DIGITS 9 DIGITS ft3
Instrume 12345678 Cuft × 10 12345678 Cuft × or m3
nts 10
ROMET Romet 9 DIGITS 9 DIGITS ft3
Intl. 12345678 Cuft × 10 12345678 Cuft ×
10
El-Gas (up to 11M El-Gas 9 DIGITS 9 DIGITS ft3
meters) Corp.
123456789.000 Cuft 123456789 Cuft
El-Gas (16M & El-Gas 10 DIGITS 10 DIGITS ft3
above meters) Corp.
1234567890.00 Cuft 1234567890 Cuft
El-Gas (meter of El-Gas 8 DIGITS 8 DIGITS m3
CuM UOM) Corp.
12345678.0000 Cuft 12345678 Cuft
El-Gas on a RVG- El-Gas 7 DIGITS 7 DIGITS m3
Configuration of EVC and Mismatch

 Matching of EVC Readings with mechanical counter reading of

meter/EVC at the time of configuration.
 Hence the Uncorrected Reading of the EVC should always
match with mechanical counter reading
 If at any time the EVC uncorrected reading is found less or
greater than mechanical counter reading, the phenomenon is
known as MISMATCH
 Since no two counters can match exactly so a mismatch up to
1MCF is negligible and can be ignored but any mismatch beyond
this value (i.e. 1MCF) should be considered as MISMATCH
 The difference of reading should be corrected by the application
of correction factors and +- adjustment in the bill should be
made
 EVC RATIO
 READING 1
CORR= 076658000 UNCORR= 004573600 Mech. CTR = 4573500
EVC PRESSURE = 75 PSIG EVC Temperature = 63 F

 READING 2 (AFTER 10-15 MIN)

CORR= 076659200 UNCORR= 004573800 Mech. CTR = 4573700
EVC PRESSURE = 72 PSIG EVC Temperature = 61 F

 DIFFERENCE OF CORR READINGS

076659200 – 076658000 = 1200

 DIFFERENCE OF UNCORR READING

004573800 – 004573600 = 200

 DIFFERENCE OF Mechanical Counter READING

004573700 – 004573500 = 200

 AVG. OF EVC PRESSURE = (75+72) / 2= 73.5 PSIG Pf = 6.02

 AVG. OF EVC Temperature = (75+72) / 2= 62 F Tf = 0.996
Total Factor = 6.0

 RATIO of EVC Readings = 1200 / 200 = 6.0

• RATIO of EVC Mech. Counter and EVC Corrected Readings = 1200 / 200 = 6.0
Example
 READING 1
CORR= 087657000
UNCORR= 005673800
Mech. CTR = 5673300
EVC PRESSURE = 77 PSIG
EVC Temperature = 65 F

 READING 2 (AFTER 10-15 MIN)

CORR= 087658200
UNCORR= 005674000
Mech. CTR = 5673500
EVC PRESSURE = 70 PSIG
EVC Temperature = 59 F 79
 How to Reduce Diaphragm Effects:
1. Use Larger Diaphragms
2. Use Roll-Out Diaphragm to keep the effective
Diaphragm Area Constant.
Spring Effects : -
In a self operated regulator spring is used as a loading
force. Let us see the behavior of a spring having spring
constant (K) = 5 lbs

Initial Diaphragm Area = 10 in2

The Spring is Compressed to = 2 in2
Force Produced = 10 lbs if the diaphragm did not move downwards
Let us assume the diaphragm moves 0.2 in (Valve travel) for full open condition
In this condition the spring has not compressed to 2 inches, but in fact it has
compressed 0.2 inches lesser
The less force exerted by the spring = 0.2 × 5 lbs/inch = 1 lbs
Fu = Fd
Fd = K × Compression = 5 × (2 – 0.2) = 9 lbs
Fu = Ad × P
9 = 12 × P
or P = 0.75 which is less than the pressure due to diaphragm
effect alone
Body Effect: Effect of turbulence between diaphragm and
point of measurement on D/S pressure.

} Diaphragm Effects
Out let Pressure

} Spring Effects
} Body Effects

Rate of Flow
Inlet Pressure Effects: The inlet pressure acts on the front side
of the regulator seat, whereas outlet pressure acts on its back.
The force due to differential pressure acts in the direction of the
force exerted by the diaphragm i.e. this force should be added to
the upward force., which means that as the inlet pressure will
increase from the initial conditions.
Example: -
Area of Seat = As = 1 in2
Inlet Pressure = 10 psig
Outlet Pressure = 1 psig
Fu = Fd
(Upward Force) = (Downward Force)
Force on Seat + Force on Diaphragm = Force of Weight /
Spring
As (Pi – Po) + Ad × Po = Force of Weight / Spring
1 (10 – 1) + 10 × 1 = 19 = Force of Spring or Weight
Now if the inlet pressure is increased to 11 psig what happens
to the outlet pressure
Fu = Fd
1 (11 – Po) + 10 (Po) = 19
Po = 8 / 9 = 0.89
This means that outlet pressure decreases with an increase of
inlet pressure by 1 psig. This is the reason that :
 Appliances regulator have narrow inlet pressure limits and
have relatively larger diaphragm areas in comparison to the
seat area.
 High pressure regulators such as our domestic regulators
have smaller orifice sizes
 High pressure large capacity regulators imposes limits on
inlet pressure with respect to the orifice size to be used.
Body Effects: It is normally the impinging effect of flow of
gas on the diaphragm giving an additional upward force.

The downstream pressure immediately after the valve is

imposed on the diaphragm. The impact pressure due to flow
impinges on the diaphragm is produced which tend to close
the regulator valve.
Zero Flow: The hard seat does not provide complete lockup at
zero / low flows. The soft seats provide complete lockup at
zero flow.
Boosting Outlet Pressure: All effects such as diaphragm effect,
spring effect and body effect tend to reduce the outlet
pressure from the set point.
} Diaphragm Effects
Out let Pressure

} Spring Effects
} Body Effects

Rate of Flow

In order to overcome this short coming a technique called

Boosting outlet pressure is used. The pressure at the bottom of
the diaphragm is reduced by causing an aspiration effect.
In this design a restriction
has been constructed in
the flow of gas stream
after the valve. The
increased velocity tend to
cause low pressure
resulting in loss of
pressure under the
diaphragm, which helps
to enhance outlet
pressure.
Valve Body: -
 Main fluid boundary and
pressure containing
component
 Secures internal parts (Trim
Components) and end
connections
Bonnet: -
 It is also a major pressure
containing component and
fluid boundary
 Bolted or threaded onto the
main valve body
 Guides valve stem
 Provide means to mount an
actuator
Trim: -
 All internal process wetted components e.g. valve plug,
valve plug stem, cage, seat ring, plug sealing rings
Gaskets: -
 Bonnet Gasket (Provide sealing between body and bonnet)
 Cage Gasket (Provide sealing between bonnet and cage ))

 Seat Ring Gasket (Provide Sealing between seat ring and body )
Packing: -
 Prevents leakage between valve plug stem and bonnet
ANSI Class Body and Bonnet
PRESSURE &TEMPERATURE Ratings
Various Types of Regulator Loading
and Principles of Operations

1.Self Operated Regulator

2.Pilot Operated Regulator
1. Self Operated Regulator: -
Spring / Weight Loading
 2 Pilot Operated Regulators:
Constant Pressure Loading:

This loading system enables to reduce spring and diaphragm

effects because: -
(i) Use of spring has been eliminated by a gas pressure
(ii) Gas pressure on both sides of the diaphragm allow use of
larger sized diaphragm to reduce diaphragm effect.
Pilot Control Variable Pressure Loading:

•It is combination of gas loading and pilot control

•It senses the outlet pressure and correspondingly varies the
loading pressure
•If the pipeline pressure decreases, the pilot opens, increasing
the pressure on top of the main diaphragm
•Downstream pressure simultaneously acts beneath the
diaphragms of the main regulator and the pilot to give quick
speed of response.
• Main diaphragm is thin because of gas pressure on its both
sides.
This system has a drawback for high pressure operation. As
the pipeline pressure increases, the pilot tends to close. If the
pilot closes completely, the gas over the diaphragm bleeds
off and pipeline pressure under the diaphragm can cause
rupture in the diaphragm.

Variable Pressure Loading – Bleed to Line:

• It has bleed in line
• Pilot uses two diaphragms
• A valve closing spring has been provided
• This loading system allows high pressure operation
• Loading pressure is inside both diaphragm so the effect of
changing loading pressure is cancelled out due to two
diaphragms
441-57S Roll-Out Diaphragm Regulator
As the downstream pressure
decreases below the set point. The
force on the lower side of the
diaphragm decreases than the
force of the spring
As a result the spring force
pushes the plug downwards (double
seated, balanced plug), which allows
flow of gas from inlet to outlet
The flow of gas from inlet
increases pressure in the
downstream piping which eventually
increases pressure on the bottom
of the diaphragm
As this pressure has increases to
the level of set point the pressure
on the diaphragm becomes greater
than spring force, closing the plug.
Fisher 299H Series Regulator,
Operation Schematic
When outlet pressure is less
than the set point . The top
side of the pilot diaphragm
assembly ‘F’ will have a lower
pressure than the setting of
the control spring ‘A’.
The control spring ‘A’ forces
the diaphragm assembly upward, opening the pilot orifice ‘C’.
Additional loading pressure is supplied from the pilot orifice to the
top side of the main diaphragm ‘E’
This creates a higher pressure on the top side of the main
diaphragm ‘E’ than on the bottom side, forcing the diaphragm
downward. This motion is transmitted through a lever, which pulls the
valve disk open, allowing inlet pressure to flow through the valve.
When demand in the downstream has been satisfied, outlet pressure
increases. This increased pressure is transmitted through the
downstream control line and acts on pilot diaphragm ‘F’. Closing it.
Installation of 441-57S
Regulator as Monitor

Both the sketches show the monitor

in the downstream position when
installed in this way, the 441-57S is
usually set for an outlet pressure 2 –
4 psi higher than the operating
regulator and thus is wide open during
normal operation.
The monitor can be located
upstream, with this arrangement, the
regulator is usually set for an outlet
somewhat higher than the above.
These regulators have a fast
response and therefore will take
control quickly in case of emergency.
Fisher 399 Pilot Operated
As long as the outlet pressure
Regulators is above the set point, the pilot
valve plug or disk remains closed.
Inlet pressure bleeding
through the type112 restrictor
provides loading pressure to keep
the main diaphragm TSO.
When outlet pressure
decreases below set point, the
pilot plug opens.
Loading pressure bleeds
downstream through the pilot
faster than it is replaced
through 112 restrictor.
This reduces pressure on the
main diaphragm and
399diaphragm is opened slightly
to allow flow, increases
downstream pressure.
Fisher 399 Pilot Operated Downstream Wide-Open
(Standby) Monitoring System
Regulators
The upstream regulator is in
working condition and the
downstream monitoring
regulator opens only far
enough to pass the required
flow and changes position with
each flow rate change. The
upstream working regulator
automatically supplies the
correct intermediate pressure
required to keep the
downstream monitoring
regulator open to the correct
position
 Operation of Two Sets of Regulators at TBSs

 Regulator orifices must be carefully selected. Larger

orifice in a regulator can handle lower pressures but
can provide larger flows, whereas smaller orifices
can handle larger inlet pressures but lower flows.
Normally maximum inlet pressures are marked with
thick lines on the capacity tables.
Iflarger orifices are used at high pressure, regulator will not
give a tight lock-up.
Calculation of Regulator Capacity of Rockwell Regulators:
Q = K √ (Pi (Pi – Po)) when Pi/Po >1
Q = K Pi / Z when Pi/Po <1
K = valve constant given in the regulator
brochures.
CLASSIFICATION
 BASED ON  BASED ON
WORKING APPLICATION
PRINCIPLE 1. SERVICE REGULATORS

1. SPRING LOADING 2. FIELD REGULATORS

REGULATORS
3. MEDIUM SIZE INDUSTRIAL
2. PILOT LOADING REGULATORS
REGULATORS
4. LARGE SIZE INDUSTRIAL
REGULATORS
3. INSTRUMENT GAS
LOADING REGULATORS
SPRING LOADING
REGULATORS
PAK B-36R

RW-043 B-32R

RW-042 S-402

RW-141 RW-441

RW-461 BIGJOE-630
SPRING LOADED REGULATORS
SPRING LOADED REGULATORS
PILOT LOADING
REGULATORS
FISHER-EZR FISHER-299H

CL-31R FISHER-399

1813 MOONEY

CL-34 RW-243-8
PILOT LOADING REGULATORS
INSTRUMENT GAS
LOADING REGULATORS

FISHER-657

USED AT LARGE CAPACITY

TBS’S
CMS’S
SMS’S
INSTRUMENT GAS LOADING
REGULATORS

PICS
SERVICE REGULATORS
PAK 6’’ WC
RW-043 14’’ WC
1813 2 PSIG
S-402 2 PSIG
CL-31R 8 PSIG
B-32R 5 PSIG
B-36R 8 PSIG
RW-042 12 PSIG
FIELD REGULATORS

RW-042-M 50-100 PSIG

RW-141 50-100 PSIG

BIGJOE-630 50-100 PSIG

MEDIUM SIZE INDUSTRIAL
REGULATORS

CL-34 8-12 PSIG

RW-243-8 8-15 PSIG

FISHER-299H 8-15 PSIG

LARGE SIZE INDUSTRIAL
REGULATORS

FISHER-EZR 20-100 PSIG

FISHER-399 20-100 PSIG

RW-461 20-100 PSIG

RW-441 20-100 PSIG

MOONEY 20-100 PSIG

Electronic Volume Correctors
WHY WE USE VOLUME CORRECTORS ?
The gas meters measure volumes at the metering pressures. The correction
factors such as pressure factor, temperature factor, and super
compressibility factor need to be applied on the volume recorded by the
meter in order to get the corrected volume at base conditions.Volume
Correctors convert the actual volume of gas measured by gas meters to
reference conditions. Conversion is based on measurement of values of
volume, pressure and temperature by using the formula:

Vb = V x P/Pb x Tb/T x Zb/Z

where

Vb = Converted volume
V = Primary volume ( from LF or HF meter output )
T = Absolute gas temperature at measurement conditions
Tb= Absolute temperature at base conditions
p = Absolute pressure at measurement conditions
pb= Absolute pressure at base conditions
Z = Gas compressibility factor at measurement conditions
Zb= Gas compressibility factor at base conditions 118
 Emcorrectors: A mechanical Volume
Corrector

Prior to the use of EVCs

Emcorrectors were used

Emcorrectors are actually mechanical Correctors which senses and

apply the metering pressure on the uncorrected volume and gives
corrected volume.

Emcorrectors were not capable of applying Temperature factor

119
Electronic Volume Correctors
1. Electronic Volume Correctors
are capable of applying
pressure and Temp. factor
2. Electronic Volume Correctors
have logging capabilities
3. Electronic Volume Correctors
have quick response
4. It can detect meter tampering
5. Logged Parameters prove
beneficial in determining
overloading and other
instances
6. Much more accurate
120
EMCORRECTORS
1. Emcorrectors were not capable
of applying Temperature
factor
2. Emcorrectos had no logging
capabilities
3. Emcorrectors had much more
response time
4. Meter Tampering evidences
were not detectable
5. It does not have such
capabilities
6. Less accurate
7. Mechanical Recorders were
becoming obsolete
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF EVC
o EVC is a dedicated microcomputer that takes metered volume in the
form of pulses and uses transducers to measure gas pressure and
temperature and hence corrects the metered volume.
o Analog signals of gas pressure, gas temperature etc. are multiplexed
through the A/D converter and sent to the microprocessor for
processing. The microprocessor converts the digitized analog signals to
an equivalent numeric value and stores this information in memory.
o If any of the measured parameters are out of range, the
microprocessor jumps to an alarm subroutine.
o After the alarm subroutine is complete, or if no alarm conditions are
present, the microprocessor computes new correction factors based on
the new measurements and parameters already in memory. Parameters
in memory are items such as; Base Pressure, Base Temperature, Specific
Gravity, etc. The new correction factors are then applied to the
uncorrected volume input to obtain the corrected volume. The amount
of corrected volume just calculated is added to the totalized corrected
volume. 121
 When the microprocessor has completed the updating of its memory registers, it
will update the LCD with the new corrected volume information.

Mechanical
Drive / Counter

Pressure Transducer
Pulser

LCD Screen

Temperature
Transducer
A/D Driver / Receiver
MICROCONTROLLER RS 484 RS 485 Bus
Converter

EPROM
Memory
 The device obtains data on the gas flowing through via impulses (N) from an LF or HF sensor located
in the gas meter.
 The volume at the measuring conditions (V) is calculated from the number of impulses (N) and gas
meter constant (kp).
The device obtains other data on the gas flowing through from the temperature and pressure converters
– gas temperature (t) and absolute pressure at measuring conditions (p). This data is used to calculate the
conversion coefficient (C) which is influenced also by these other factors: Absolute temperature at base
conditions (Tb),
 absolute pressure at base conditions (pb) and compressible factor of the gas at base conditions (Zb).
Volume at measuring conditions (operational volume):
 Gas compressibility degree:
 Conversion coefficient:
Volume at base conditions (standardized volume):
Gas compressibility factor expresses the deviation of properties of natural gas from the properties of an
ideal gas. By setting the parameters, it is possible to choose a specific method for calculation of the
compressibility factor pursuant to the standard (AGA NX-19 mod, AGA8-G1, AGA8-G2, SGERG-88 or
AGA8-92DC). A constant
compressibility value can be used for other gases besides natural gas. If the pressure or temperature
123
value gets out of the limits of validity of the chosen standard for calculation of compressibility, the device
calculates using a default compressibility value.
Operation of EVCs
V unc,Vflt,err
Alarm
Volume

If P or T violated the
P T limits/range

V unc,Vb,
Micro C Volume
Proces If P or T updated in
sor within the memory
A/D limits and then on
Conver. LCD

Low Batt
Alarm

Firm
ware
 EL-GAS EVCS
Normal Condition ERROR CONDITION

Pulse V
Pulse V

Ve
Ve

P Pd
C
Vb Td C
T Vb

Veb
Veb

125
 DRESSER EVCS
Normal Condition ERROR CONDITION

Pulse V
Pulse V

Vf
Vf

P P
C
Vb C
T T Vb

126
Defined mode with life cycle of the
supply battery 4 years:

 • Archiving period of the data archive 1 hr

 • Communication with device 2 min/day
 • Showing on the display 2 min/day
 • Period of input impulses ≤10 Hz
 • Measuring period 15 s
 • Surrounding temperature 25 °C

127
EVC COMPONENTS

An EVC typically consists of

 enclosure
 index or pulse-input device (normally a reed switch which senses a
magnet passing by it and generates a pulse against each magnet rotation )
 pressure transducer (a device used to convert the pressure into
electrical signals)
 temperature transducer (a device used to convert temperature into
electrical signals, usually an RTD, Resistance Temperature Detector)
 display
 keypad
 electronic circuit boards
 communication port
 power supply

128
EVC COMPONENTS

129
Accuracy

. Computation: ±0.3% of corrected volume reading

. Pressure transducer: ±0.4% of full scale

. Temperature Sensor: ±1.0°F.

. Combined computation: ±0.5% of full scale

(pressure & temperature)

130
METER READING THROUGH LCD
DRESSER EVCs
The LCD display is permanently active. Depending on the configuration of
the unit, following parameters can be displayed on the LCD.
 Corrected Volume
 Uncorrected Volume
 Correction Factor
 Drive Rate
 Line Pressure
 Temperature
 Uncorrected Volume Under Fault
 Base Pressure
 Pressure Factor
 Atmospheric Pressure

131
 Flow Rate
 Supercomressibility
 Battery Voltage
 Current Date
 Current Time
 Corrected Residual
 Uncorrected Residual
 Firmware Version
Corrected and uncorrected volume may be scaled by a factor of 10 or
100 to enable synchronization with mechanical counters.
It is possible to specify which parameters are displayed on the LCD
and which one is displayed by default. We select the corrected volume
as the default parameter during initial configuration of the units.
However in the event of an error condition the display defaults to give
an error message.
In alarm and/or fault conditions a message is displayed on the LCD 132
indicating the nature of the alarm/fault.
133
LCD AND ALARM CONDITIONS
LCD Alarm Alarm Condition Additional
Code Symbols
HP AL HIGH PRESSURE ALARM N/A
LP AL LOW PRESSURE ALARM N/A
Ht AL HIGH TEMP. ALARM N/A
Lt AL LOW TEMP. ALARM N/A
HF AL HIGH FLOW ALARM N/A
LF AL LOW FLOW ALARM N/A

LCD Fault Code Fault Condition Additional

Symbols
Lo bAtt LOW BATTERY BATTERY ICON
P FLt PRESSURE FAULT ALARM BELL ICON
T FLt TEMPERATURE FAULT ALARM BELL ICON
Int FLt INTERNAL OPERATIONS ALARM BELL ICON
134
FAULT
ERROR AND ALARM CODES
The Error code is a decimal representation of a number built from
a series of flags where each flag represents a single bit in an 8 bit
binary number.
The flags are set on the occurrence of any of these events and
remain until cleared.

Flag Value Condition

HIGH PRESSURE 1 >1.2 * Full Scale
LOW PRESSURE 2 < 0.8 barA or <-0.2 barG
HIGH TEMPERATURE 4 > 65 deg C
LOW TEMPERATURE 8 < -45 deg C
WATCHDOG 16 Timeout
CORRECTION FACTOR 32 Any pressure or temp. fault
Z CALCULATION 64 Z<0.9 or Z>1.1
LOW BATTERY 132 Low battery
135
MERCURY EVCs

The LCD of Mercury EVCs (Model Mini-Max AT) can display any Mini-
Max item but we configure it to display the corrected volume by default.
The LCD is also used to indicate alarm conditions and to display the
items in the Meter Reader List. Normally we configure the Meter Reader
List to display the following parameters

 Corrected Volume
 Uncorrected Volume
 Drive Rate
 Unit Serial Number
 Live Pressure
 Live Temperature
 Battery Voltage

The LCD will display decimal points between each numerical digit when 136
the instrument has recognized an alarm.
137
MINI-MAX ALARM CODES

ALARM DESCRIPTION ITEM E CODE

CODE
MAIN BATTERY LOW 099 .0.9.9.

INDEX SWITCH #1 FAULT 102 .1.0.2.

INDEX SWITCH #2 FAULT 103 .1.0.3.

A/D FAULT 104 .1.0.4.

PRESSURE LOW 143 .1.4.3.

TEMPERATURE LOW 144 .1.4.4.

PRESSURE HIGH 145 .1.4.5.

TEMPERATURE HIGH 146 .1.4.6.

DAILY CORRECTED VOLUME 222 .2.2.2.

REPLACE MAIN BATTERY .H.E.L.P. .H.E.L.P.

138
El-Gas EVCs
The LCD display is normally in-active/off. On Pressing either of two available
buttons the LCD display becomes active/on. It has two list of parameters
that can be displayed on the LCD by pressing respective Buttons. The
following parameters can be displayed on the LCD.

FIRST LIST
 Base Volume Vb
 Primary Volume V
 Gauge Pressure
 Absolute Pressure
 Temperature
 Compressibility Factor
 Correction Factor
 Status

139
Second List
 Error Base Volume eVb
 Error Primary Volume eV
 Flow Rate
 Gas Meter Constant: Drive Rate
 %age Composition
 Time and Date
 %age Battery Power

 In alarm and/or fault conditions a message is displayed on the LCD

indicating the nature of the alarm/fault.

 The Error volume is generated in the event when pressure / temperature

of the flowing gas goes beyond the set limits

 In the event of error volume, there is no mismatch

 The Pressure limits are being set 18 – 150 psig so, if a EVC is to be installed
at sites where line pressure is likely to go beyond this limit then please
advise to change the limits
140
141
 EL-Gas EVCs
 Indication of Error State:
 St 000000 (Normal, No Error)
 St 100000 (Pressure Limits Exceeded)
 St 010000 (Temperature Limits Exceeded)
 St 001000 (Max Flow Rate Exceeded)
 St 000100 (Drop of Battery below 10%)
 St 000010
 St 000001 (Hardware Error)
DATA DOWNLOADING USING COMPUTER
DRESSER EVCs

The micro correctors models MC & IMC have a non-volatile (EEPROM)

memory and on battery failure will retain the totals obtained within the last
hour of operation and all settings of the corrector. These will be available
and ready for use as soon as power is restored. Data is continually stored
in memory with following capacity:

 840 hourly logs

 48 daily logs
 15 monthly logs

The audit log is updated whenever a parameter identity value is changed or

user calibration occurs. Up to 128 audit logs can be stored.

144
 The data logging facility in Dresser EVCs model MC2 and IMC/C2 provides
the operator with 3 independent operator configurable logging periods.
The total number of logs depends on the configuration of both the log
parameters and logging periods.
A data log may contain any of the following information.

 Corrected Volume
 Uncorrected Volume
 Correction Factor
 Uncorrected Volume Under Fault
 Line Pressure
 Temperature
 Average Corrected Flow Rate
 Peak Corrected Flow Rate

145
DRESSER EVCs INSTALLED OVER THE METERS

146
MERCURY EVCs

The Mercury EVC Model Mini-Max AT records operational information

of 40 days on an hourly or daily basis. At the beginning of each interval,
the instrument records four items into memory. We configure the
following four Audit Trail Report Items for Audit Trail Memory.
(Any Mini-Max item can be selected for the Audit Trail)

1. Corrected Volume
2. Uncorrected Volume
3. Interval Average Pressure
4. Interval Average Temperature

147
MERCURY EVC INSTALLED OVER A METER

148
ELSTER EVCs

ARCHIVES
The EK 210 & EK230 have three archives:

Logbook (event logbook);

Here, the last 250 status changes are archived.

Changes logbook (audit trail);

Here, the last 200 settings changes are archived.

Measurement period archive;

Here, the counter readings and measurements are archived in the cycle of
the measurement period. The archive has 1500 data rows, corresponding to
a memory depth of about 2 months for a measurement period of 60
minutes. 149
 EVC READING DIGITS
EVC TYPE Manufact CORRECTED READING UNCORRECTED VOLUM
urer READING E UNITS
DRESSER Dresser 9 DIGITS 9 DIGITS ft3
Inc. 12345678 × 10 12345678 × 10 or m3
Dresser Inc. 9 DIGITS 9 DIGITS ft3
DRESSER 1234567 × 100 1234567 × 100
(Older Version of (only if installed on 16M & above meter for other above configuration applies)
EVC/IMC )
Dresser Inc. 8 DIGITS 8 DIGITS m3
12345678 × 1 12345678 × 1
MERCURY Mercury 9 DIGITS 9 DIGITS ft3
Instrume 12345678 Cuft × 10 12345678 Cuft × or m3
nts 10
ROMET Romet 9 DIGITS 9 DIGITS ft3
Intl. 12345678 Cuft × 10 12345678 Cuft ×
10
El-Gas (up to 11M El-Gas 9 DIGITS 9 DIGITS ft3
meters) Corp.
123456789.000 Cuft 123456789 Cuft
El-Gas (16M & El-Gas 10 DIGITS 10 DIGITS ft3
above meters) Corp.
1234567890.00 Cuft 1234567890 Cuft
El-Gas (meter of El-Gas 8 DIGITS 8 DIGITS m3
CuM UOM) Corp.
12345678.0000 Cuft 12345678 Cuft
El-Gas on a RVG- El-Gas 7 DIGITS 7 DIGITS m3
Configuration of EVC and Mismatch

 Matching of EVC Readings with mechanical counter reading of

meter/EVC at the time of configuration.
 Hence the Uncorrected Reading of the EVC should always
match with mechanical counter reading
 If at any time the EVC uncorrected reading is found less or
greater than mechanical counter reading, the phenomenon is
known as MISMATCH
 Since no two counters can match exactly so a mismatch up to
1MCF is negligible and can be ignored but any mismatch beyond
this value (i.e. 1MCF) should be considered as MISMATCH
 The difference of reading should be corrected by the application
of correction factors and +- adjustment in the bill should be
made
 EVC RATIO
 READING 1
CORR= 076658000 UNCORR= 004573600 Mech. CTR = 4573500
EVC PRESSURE = 75 PSIG EVC Temperature = 63 F

 READING 2 (AFTER 10-15 MIN)

CORR= 076659200 UNCORR= 004573800 Mech. CTR = 4573700
EVC PRESSURE = 72 PSIG EVC Temperature = 61 F

 DIFFERENCE OF CORR READINGS

076659200 – 076658000 = 1200

 DIFFERENCE OF UNCORR READING

004573800 – 004573600 = 200

 DIFFERENCE OF Mechanical Counter READING

004573700 – 004573500 = 200

 AVG. OF EVC PRESSURE = (75+72) / 2= 73.5 PSIG Pf = 6.02

 AVG. OF EVC Temperature = (75+72) / 2= 62 F Tf = 0.996
Total Factor = 6.0

 RATIO of EVC Readings = 1200 / 200 = 6.0

• RATIO of EVC Mech. Counter and EVC Corrected Readings = 1200 / 200 = 6.0
Example
 READING 1
CORR= 087657000
UNCORR= 005673800
Mech. CTR = 5673300
EVC PRESSURE = 77 PSIG
EVC Temperature = 65 F

 READING 2 (AFTER 10-15 MIN)

CORR= 087658200
UNCORR= 005674000
Mech. CTR = 5673500
EVC PRESSURE = 70 PSIG
EVC Temperature = 59 F 153