Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Incurred to identify
Appraisal defective products
Costs before the products
are shipped
Incurred as a result of
Internal Failure
identifying defects
Costs before they are shipped
Incurred as a result of
External Failure defective products
Costs being delivered to
customers
Prevention Costs Appraisal Costs
• Quality training • Testing & inspecting
incoming materials
• Quality circles • Final product testing
• Statistical process • Depreciation of testing
control activities equipment
9 18
7 14
External External External External
6 Failure Failure 12 Failure Failure
5 10
4 Internal 8 Internal
Failure Failure
3 Internal 6 Internal
Failure Failure
2 4
Appraisal Appraisal
Appraisal Appraisal
1 2
Prevention Prevention Prevention Prevention
0 0
1 2 1 2
Year Year